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目的探讨青春期女性血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体的变化趋势,估计遗传与环境因素的相对效应。方法以学校登记为基础募集6～18岁女性双生子180对,其中同卵双生子132对、异卵双生子48对,按Tanner标准进行青春发育分期,测定空腹血清瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体浓度。结果青春期女性血清瘦素浓度随青春期进展而显著增高,可溶性瘦素受体则呈显著下降趋势,二者的综合作用使得游离瘦素指数随青春期进展持续增高,7～9岁和12～14岁增高尤为显著,分别为10.1～32.3和41.8～82.1;瘦素和游离瘦素指数与各体格指标呈显著正相关(r值为0.54～0.76),而可溶性瘦素受体则与各指标呈显著负相关(r值为-0.23～-0.42);各指标组内相关系数均为同卵双生子大于异卵双生子,而偶内差和相似度系数则异卵双生子大于同卵双生子,瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体和游离瘦素指数的遗传度分别为0.37、0.84和0.46。结论7～9岁女孩游离瘦素指数的快速增长可能对青春期的启动起促进作用,而12～14岁的突增可能对即将到来的月经初潮起预示作用。青春期女孩血清游离瘦素指数同时受遗传与环境因素的影响,瘦素受环境因素的影响较大,可溶性瘦素受体则受遗传因素的影响较强。
Objective To investigate the changes of serum leptin and soluble leptin receptor in adolescent women and estimate the relative effects of genetic and environmental factors. Methods Based on school registration, 180 pairs of twins, aged 6-18 years old, including 132 pairs of identical twins and 48 pairs of fraternal twins, were recruited. According to the Tanner criteria, the staging of puberty was determined. The levels of fasting serum leptin and soluble leptin Body concentration. Results Serum leptin levels in adolescent women increased significantly with adolescent progression and soluble leptin receptor decreased significantly. The combined effect of these two factors increased the free leptin index with adolescent progression, ranging from 7 to 9 years and from 12 to 14 years Especially in the range of 10.1 ~ 32.3 and 41.8 ~ 82.1, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and free body index (r = 0.54 ~ 0.76), while soluble leptin receptor was significantly correlated with each index (R value -0.23 ~ -0.42). The correlation coefficient of each index group was the same twins more than the fraternal twins, while the even difference and similarity coefficient of the fraternal twins was greater than that of identical twins, The heritabilities of leptin, soluble leptin receptor and free leptin index were 0.37, 0.84 and 0.46, respectively. Conclusions The rapid growth of free leptin in girls aged 7-9 years may promote the onset of puberty. However, the sudden increase of 12-14 years may predict the forthcoming menarche. Serum free leptin index in adolescent girls was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Leptin was more affected by environmental factors and soluble leptin receptors were more influenced by genetic factors.