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机床导轨多为灰口铸铁,由于使用及维修不当,极易被切肩擦伤造成条状擦痕,有时甚至出现沟槽。为了补焊机床导轨,我们常采用铸铁冷焊法来填补沟痕,然后再经磨、刮恢复平整。但采用常规的铸铁冷焊法有一个很大的缺点,即加工出来的导轨面外露大量的蜂窝状气孔,修复效果不太理想。经分析产生气孔的原因,我们认为主要是因为铸铁中的游离石墨在使用过程中吸收了大量的油脂,在焊接过程中产生了大量H_2和CO气体所致。
Machine tool rails are mostly gray cast iron, due to improper use and maintenance, easily cut by the shoulder scratches caused by scratches, and sometimes even grooves. In order to make welding machine guide rail, we often use cast iron cold welding method to fill the groove marks, and then by grinding, scraping recovery flat. But the use of conventional cast iron cold welding has a big drawback, that is machined out of the rail surface exposed a large number of cellular pores, the repair effect is not ideal. Analysis of the causes of stomatal formation, we believe that the main reason is that the free graphite in the cast iron in the process of absorbing a large amount of grease, resulting in a large amount of H 2 and CO gas during the welding process.