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[目的]探讨肺癌纤维支气管镜诊断的镜下特点和临床特征。[方法]回顾性分析了228例经纤维支气管镜诊断的肺癌患者临床资料。[结果]病灶发生于叶支气管者最多,发生于右中叶者发生率(68.75%)。不同发生部位比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。组织学类型以鳞癌最为常见,其次是小细胞癌,腺癌、未分型癌和其他类型肺癌。纤支镜镜下特征与肺癌组织学类型相关性差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。肺癌的分型:228例肺癌患者中中央型肺癌164例(71.9%),周围型肺癌64例(28.1%)。纤支镜镜下表现:管内增殖型55例(24.1%)、管外压迫型53例(23.2%)、管壁浸润型51例(22.3%)、混合型81例(35.5%)和正常型12例(5.2%)。[结论]肺癌以中央型多见,纤支镜镜下特点以增生型和混合型为主,组织学类型主要为鳞癌和小细胞癌。
[Objective] To investigate the microscopic features and clinical features of bronchofibroscopy in lung cancer. [Methods] The clinical data of 228 patients with lung cancer diagnosed by bronchofiberscopy were retrospectively analyzed. [Results] The lesions occurred in the most part of the leaflets and occurred in the right middle lobe (68.75%). Differences in the occurrence of different sites were statistically significant (P <0.05). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histologic type, followed by small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and other types of lung cancer. The relationship between bronchoscopic features and histological types of lung cancer was statistically significant (P <0.05). The classification of lung cancer: 228 cases of lung cancer in 164 cases of central lung cancer (71.9%), 64 cases of peripheral lung cancer (28.1%). The bronchoscope showed 55 cases (24.1%) of proliferation, 53 cases (23.2%) of tube compression, 51 cases (22.3%) of wall infiltration, 81 cases (35.5%) of mixed type and normal type 12 cases (5.2%). [Conclusion] The most common type of lung cancer is central type. The features of bronchofibroscopy are mainly hyperplastic type and mixed type. The main histological types are squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.