This paper introduces Vietnam’s climate condition,main rice production regions and analyses the expansion of rice planting area,rice cropping system during the last decades.The result from the change of rice production,planting area,yield,and rice trade indicates that the economic reforms in Vietnam from 1986 have contributed to a spectacular rise in rice production and exports.However,there are still problems and opportunities for rice production and export in Vietnam.The paper suggests that Vietnam should make the most use of the advanced international rice cultivars and technology to improve irrigation and water conservancy facilities to benefit rice farmer and consolidate Vietnam to be the major exporter of rice in the world market. This paper introduces Vietnam’s climate condition, main rice production regions and analyzes the expansion of rice planting area, rice cropping system during the last decades. The result from the change of rice production, planting area, yield, and rice trade that that the economic reforms in Vietnam from 1986 have contributed to a spectacular rise in rice production and exports.However, there are still problems and opportunities for rice production and export in Vietnam. The paper suggests that Vietnam should make the most use of the advanced international rice cultivars and technology to improve irrigation and water conservancy facilities to benefit rice farmer and consolidate Vietnam to be the major exporter of rice in the world market.