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保罗·德曼作为美国解构主义的代表人物,其修辞理论对当代文学研究影响深远。反讽和讽喻是德曼时间性修辞的重点论述内容,二者分别对应的短时性与长时性特征具有一种辩证关系。德曼以反讽和讽喻作为时间性修辞的一体两面,试图破除文本的统一性幻觉,揭示了修辞自身与原初意义分离的特性,最终导致了文本在时间维度中意义不断迁移的结果。德曼的文本中心论固然忽视了作者的主观动机与读者的主体经验对文本解读的重要影响,但其在还原文本的修辞特征、消解二元论导致的价值偏移等方面,至今依然具有启发价值。
As a representative of American deconstructionism, Paul Deman’s rhetorical theory has a far-reaching influence on contemporary literature research. Irony and allegory are the key discourse contents of German time rhetoric. The two correspond to the diachronic and diachronic characteristics respectively. By using irony and allegory as both the two sides of time rhetoric, Derman attempts to dispel the illusion of unity of the text and reveals the characteristic of the separation of rhetoric from the original meaning, which eventually leads to the continuous transfer of meaning in the time dimension. Although Deman’s text-centered theory neglected the author’s subjective motivation and the reader’s subjective experience in interpreting texts, it still has some enlightenment values in reducing the rhetorical features of texts and digesting the value shift caused by dualism.