目的研究X射线对介入放射工作人员染色体畸变的影响。为制定介入放射工作的管理措施提供依据。方法采集介入放射工作人员静脉血,用RPMI1640培养基培养淋巴细胞68h,低渗、固定、制片、染色、光学显微镜检查淋巴细染色体畸变率。结果介入放射组染色体细胞畸变率为1.72%,对照组为0.1%,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。受照剂量≥50mSv/a组染色体畸变率(4.67%)均大于受照剂量较低的各组;放射工龄5a～和10a～组染色体畸变率(分别为2.12%和1.86%)高于<5a和≥20a工龄组(分别为0.50%和0.62%)。结论X射线对介入放射工作人员染色体畸变有一定的影响。染色体畸变率可作为检测射线辐射细胞遗传学的可靠指标。 Objective To study the effect of X-rays on chromosome aberrations in interventional radiologists. Provide the basis for formulating management measures for interventional radiological work. Methods Venous blood samples were collected from interventional radiologists. Lymphocytes were cultured with RPMI1640 medium for 68h. The rates of lymphoid chromosome aberrations were determined by hypotonic fixation, preparation, staining and light microscopy. Results The chromosome aberration rate of interventional radiotherapy group was 1.72% and that of control group was 0.1%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Chromosome aberration rates (4.67%) were higher in irradiated dose> 50mSv / a group than those in lower radiation dose group. The rates of chromosome aberration (2.12% and 1.86% And ≥20a working-age group (0.50% and 0.62% respectively). Conclusion X-ray has some influence on chromosome aberration of interventional radiologists. Chromosome aberration rate can be used as a reliable indicator of radiation cytogenetics.