水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zostervirus,VZV)引起的急性呼吸道传染病,主要通过患者飞沫和皮肤接触传播,有高度传染性,常见于小儿。典型的临床表现是发热及水疱样皮肤损害,重症者可并发肺炎及神经系统病变[1]。其特点为皮疹先见于躯干,然后蔓延至面部,最后达四肢,呈 Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is transmitted mainly through the skin of patients with droplets and skin infections. It is highly contagious and commonly found in children. The typical clinical manifestations are fever and blister-like skin lesions, severe cases may be complicated by pneumonia and neurological disease [1]. It is characterized by a rash prevalent in the trunk, and then spread to the face, and finally reached the limbs, was