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目的比较重力喂养联合抚触、单纯重力喂养及常规管饲喂养3种方式对极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)生长发育的临床效果。方法通过回顾性分析2013年4月-2015年5月我院收治的胎龄28~33周、出生体重<1 500 g、住院时间≥30 d的150例进行管饲喂养的早产儿,按照喂养方式不同分为3组,每组50例,第1组采用重力喂养联合抚触方法,第2组采用单纯重力喂养,第3组采用常规管饲喂养。观察3组早产儿的喂养效果、体格发育、消化功能及喂养合并症。结果第1组早产儿的开奶时间、拔除胃管时间、恢复出生体重时间、平均住院时间较第2组、第3组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为46.98、5.965、7.858、7.350,P<0.05),第1组早产儿前4周的体重增长值最高,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为8.004、3.101、5.649、7.787,P<0.05),第1组早产儿的消化功能明显好于第2组、第3组,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为5.982、10.539、4.626、4.517、21.377、6.983、5.292,P<0.05),第1组早产儿发生腹胀、低血糖、呕吐、便秘、胃潴留、高胆红素血症较第2组、第3组显著减少,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为15.393、11.478、11.799、8.942、7.876、14.489,P<0.05)。结论早期重力喂养联合抚触对VLBWI生长发育有明显的促进作用,不仅能促进胃肠功能成熟,利于住院中期奶量增长,更快达到足量经口喂养时间,同时减少喂养合并症,缩短住院时间,是值得推广的新型喂养方式。
Objective To compare the clinical effects of three ways of gravitation feeding combined with stroke, simple gravity feeding and conventional tube feeding on the growth and development of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods A retrospective analysis of 150 cases of preterm infants who underwent tube feeding in our hospital from April 2013 to May 2015 with gestational age of 28 to 33 weeks, birth weight <1,500 g, and hospital stay ≥ 30 days was performed according to feeding Different ways are divided into 3 groups, each group of 50 cases, the first group using gravity feeding combined with touch method, the second group using pure gravity feeding, the third group using conventional tube feeding. The effects of feeding, physical development, digestive function and feeding complication were observed in 3 groups of premature infants. Results The opening time of the preterm infants in group 1, the time of gastric tube removal, the time of birth weight recovery and the average length of stay in the first group were significantly shorter than those in the second and third groups (F = 46.98, 5.965 and 7.858, respectively) , 7.350, P <0.05). The weight gain in the first 4 weeks of preterm infants in group 1 was the highest, with significant difference among the 3 groups (F = 8.004, 3.101,0.649, 7.787, P < The digestive function of premature infants was significantly better than that of the second and third groups (F = 5.982, 10.539, 4.626, 4.517, 21.377, 6.983 and 5.292, respectively, P < Children with abdominal distension, hypoglycemia, vomiting, constipation, gastric retention, hyperbilirubinemia than the second group, the third group was significantly reduced, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 values were 15.393,11.478,11.799,8.942 , 7.876, 14.489, P <0.05). Conclusions Early gravimetric feeding combined with touching can obviously promote the growth and development of VLBWI, which not only can promote the gastrointestinal function maturation, but also promote the growth of milk quantity in the middle of hospitalization, reach enough oral feeding time more quickly, reduce the complication of feeding and shorten the hospitalization. Time is a new form of feeding that is worth promoting.