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AIM: To evaluate the effects of betaine on the ethanolinduced secretion of IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBP-1 using radioimmunoassay and West blotting, respectively, in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.METHODS: Hepatocytes isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with various concentrations of ethanol and PD98059 procedures. The hepatocytes were also treated with different doses of betaine (10-5,10-4, and 10-3 mol/L). We measured IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBP-1 using radioimmunoassay and West blotting, respectively.RESULTS: The ethanol-induced inhibition of IGF-Ⅰ secretion was attenuated by betaine in a concentration-dependent manner in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. At 10-3 mol/L, betaine significantly increased IGF-Ⅰ secretion but decreased IGFBP-1 secretion. In addition, p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity was accelerated significantly from 10 min to 5 h after treatment with 10-3 mol/L betaine. Furthermore, the changes in IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 secretion resulting from the increased betaine-induced p42/44 MAPK activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes was blocked by treatment with the MAPK inhibitor PD98059. Betaine treatment blocked the ethanol-induced inhibition of IGF-Ⅰ secretion and p42/44 MAPK activity, and the ethanol-induced increase in IGFBP-1 secretion.CONCLUSION: Betaine modulates the secretion of IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBP-1 via the activation of p42/44 MAPK in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Betaine also alters the MAPK activations induced by ethanol.