甲(进修医师):老师,我们在基层常遇一些婴幼儿重症肺炎病例,请您谈谈本病的概念和特点吧。老师:婴幼儿重症肺炎是指肺炎病变和症状严重,全身中毒症状明显,往往伴有各种并发症如心力衰竭、中毒性心肌炎、呼吸哀竭、脑水肿、中毒性脑病、中毒性肠麻痹、水电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱、败血症、休克及弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)等。多数为细菌性肺炎,病原体主要是肺炎双球菌、葡萄球菌(金黄色或白色)、链球菌及革兰阴性杆菌等。相当一部 A (training physician): Teacher, we often encounter some cases of severe pneumonia in infants at the grassroots level, please talk about the concept and characteristics of this disease. Teacher: Severe pneumonia in infants and young children means that the pathological changes and symptoms of pneumonia are serious and the symptoms of systemic poisoning are obvious. They often accompany various complications such as heart failure, toxic myocarditis, respiratory depression, cerebral edema, toxic encephalopathy, toxic intestinal paralysis, Water and electrolyte and acid-base disorders, sepsis, shock and diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) and so on. Most of the bacterial pneumonia, the main pathogens are pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus (gold or white), streptococcus and gram-negative bacilli. Quite a