目的　探讨组织病理学方法在甲真菌病诊断中的意义 ,了解甲真菌感染的超微结构。方法　对临床拟诊为甲真菌病的 67例病甲分别采用直接镜检、真菌培养及组织病理学方法进行对比研究 ,同时选 5例病甲做扫描电镜观察。结果　三种甲真菌检查方法的阳性率分别为67.2 %、4 4 .8%和 82 .1% ,扫描电镜在 3个甲面均检出真菌成分。结论　组织病理学方法较传统的真菌镜检和培养更为敏感 ( P均 <0 .0 1) ,两者结合可提高甲真菌病的正确诊断率 Objective To investigate the significance of histopathology in the diagnosis of onychomycosis and to understand the ultrastructure of onychomycosis. Methods 67 patients with onychomycosis clinically diagnosed as onychomycosis were studied by direct microscopic examination, fungal culture and histopathology, respectively. Meanwhile, 5 patients with pathogenic A were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results The positive rates of three kinds of onychomycosis methods were 67.2%, 44.8% and 82.1% respectively. The fungal components were detected on three nail surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions Histopathological methods are more sensitive than conventional fungal microscopy and culture (all P <0.01), and the combination of the two can improve the correct diagnosis of onychomycosis