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目前认为哮喘的发病有两大因素,即气道的炎症和平滑肌的收缩。所以,抗哮喘药物可分为支气管扩张剂(下称支扩剂)和抗炎剂两大类。支扩剂包括β受体兴奋剂、甲基黄嘌呤类和胆碱能拮抗剂,主要作用为松弛支气管平滑肌;抗炎剂包括皮质激素(下称激素)和色甘酸二钠。这两类药物亦具有交互作用,例如β受体兴奋剂可通过抑制肥大细胞介质的释放而减轻炎症反应;同样,激素可调节气道平滑肌的β受体从而增强对β受体兴奋剂的敏感性。
At present, there are two major factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma: airway inflammation and smooth muscle contraction. Therefore, anti-asthma drugs can be divided into bronchodilators (hereinafter referred to as dilators) and anti-inflammatory agents in two categories. Branching agents include beta receptor agonists, methylxanthines and cholinergic antagonists, the main role for the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle; anti-inflammatory agents include corticosteroids (hereinafter referred to as hormones) and cromolyn disodium. These two classes of drugs also interact with each other. For example, beta-agonists may reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting the release of mast cell mediators. Similarly, hormones modulate beta-receptors of airway smooth muscle to enhance their sensitivity to beta-agonists Sex.