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目前关于植物器官着色的生化代谢途径及其调控等已有深入了解,而关于色素积累的细胞学过程研究还十分缺乏。本研究以目前红肉猕猴桃主栽品种‘红阳’为试验材料,通过光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜观察了该红肉猕猴桃果实内果皮横剖面着色组织的解剖特征,并描述了花青素体的细胞学特征。结果表明,‘红阳’果实中色素体的形成及着色细胞分布存在组织特异性。首次在猕猴桃果实中观察到2种花青素体形态,一种是规则的圆形色素体,另一种是小颗粒色素体;本研究还观察到花青素色素体载体的形态特征及其解体与液泡化过程。‘红阳’猕猴桃开花后30 d时,果实内果皮的圆形色素体出现在维管束及其周围的小细胞里,开花后68 d,小颗粒色素体开始在大的薄壁细胞里出现;在花后117 d,维管束及其周围小细胞仍在形成大量色素体颗粒。通过电镜观察表明,在这个时期的内果皮薄壁细胞中可以观察到大量的色素体载体(AVI carriers),这些载体内存在多种不同形态的色素体,可能反映了薄壁细胞的着色过程。有的色素体仍呈现圆形,有的呈现新月形或者其它不规则形,总体上载体内的这些色素体变得越来越小且越来越不规则,最终导致色素体载体不同程度的液泡化。这些结果暗示了红肉猕猴桃果实色素体的形成部位、细胞学形态特征以及色素体的解体与花青素释放过程,表现了“移位释放”的特点。
At present, the biochemical metabolic pathways of plant organ coloring and their regulation have been well understood, and the cytological process of pigment accumulation is still lacking. In this study, the current red kiwifruit cultivars ’Hongyang’ as the experimental material, the light microscope and transmission electron microscopy cross-section of the red apple kiwifruit anatomical anatomical characteristics of the endocarp cross section, and describes the anthocyanin body Cytological characteristics. The results showed that the formation of pigment body and the distribution of pigmented cells in ’Hongyang’ fruit were tissue-specific. For the first time, two kinds of anthocyanin bodies were observed in the fruit of kiwifruit, one was a regular circular pigment body and the other was a small granular pigment body. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the anthocyanin chromogenic vector and its disintegration And the bubble process. At 30 days after flowering of ’Hongyang’ kiwifruit, the circular pigment bodies of the endocarp appeared in the vascular bundles and the surrounding small cells. After 68 days, the small pigment bodies began to appear in the large parenchyma cells. At 117 days after anthesis, the vascular bundles and the surrounding small cells were still forming a large number of pigmentary particles. Observation by electron microscopy showed that a large number of AVI carriers were observed in the pericarp parenchyma cells during this period. The existence of many different types of pigment bodies in these vectors probably reflects the parenchyma cells’ coloring process. Some pigment bodies still appear circular, some appear crescent or other irregular shape, the overall carrier of these pigments become smaller and smaller and more irregular, eventually leading to different degrees of pigment carrier body vacuole The These results suggest that the formation, cytological features, and disintegration of pigment bodies and anthocyanin release process in the fruit body of Actinidia deliciosa exhibit the characteristics of “shift release ”.