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Objective:To determine the role of Interleukine 8 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis(EM).Methods:36 patients with endometriosis were selected as study group.20 patients without endometriosis served as control group. IL 8 concentration in peritoneal fluid(PF) and serum of both groups were detected by ELISA.The correlation between IL 8 concentration and the severity of EM were performed.The differences of IL 8 mRNA expression in eutopic endometrium of patients between with and without endometriosis, and the differences among different endometriotic lesions were further studied by Northern Blot;Cultured endometrial stromal cells(CESC) were divided into groups. IL 8 and anti IL 8 were used to treat these cells.Results:(1)The PF and serum from patients with EM contained significantly greater amounts of IL 8 than those in controls. A significant correlation between PF IL 8 content and the severity of disease was noted but there were no evidences of a relationship between concentrations of serum IL 8 and PF IL 8.(2) It was showed that the expression density of IL 8 mRNA of Eu were significantly higher than that of En. Among the three different endometriotic lesions, the highest IL 8 mRNA expression density was found in RPL(red peritoneal lesion), while the lowest IL 8mRNA expression density was detected in ULN(uterosacral ligament module).(3) There was a dose dependent stimulatory effect of IL 8 on the survival of ESC. At 1ng/ml, anti IL 8 significantly inhibited the survival of endometrial cells.Conclusion:IL 8 may be one of the essential factors for the pathogenesis of endometriosis.