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1958年开始的“大跃进”和人民公社化运动,在“左”的思想指导下,违背客观经济规律, 连续三年对社会生产力造成破坏和损失,使国民经济陷入困境。为了克服严重的经济困难,在周恩来倡导和主持下,从1960年下半年起,国家计划委员会开始酝酿调整国民经济。1961年1月,中共八届九中全会批准了“调整、巩同、充实、提高” 的“八字方针”。于是,1961年至1965年,新中国的国民经济经历了5年调整时期。这是人民共和国历史上一个至关重要的“非常时期”。
Under the guidance of the “Left” thinking and the “Great Leap Forward” and the people’s commune movement started in 1958, they violated objective laws of the economy and damaged and lost their social productive forces for three consecutive years, putting the national economy in a difficult situation. In order to overcome serious economic difficulties, under the advocacy and auspices of Zhou Enlai, starting from the second half of 1960, the State Planning Commission began to deliberate and readjust the national economy. In January 1961, the Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party approved the “Eight Principles” of “adjustment, consolidation, enhancement and improvement.” Thus, from 1961 to 1965, the national economy of New China experienced a five-year adjustment period. This is one of the most important “extraordinary times” in the history of the People’s Republic.