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本文从斯密的自然法角度探讨改革问题。斯密的自然法基于情操。自然法提供了判断规则好坏的标准,改革就是纠正那些违反自然法的人为规则和制度,回归自然秩序。不考虑自然法的、功利主义的理性计算具有破坏性,并使不正义的人为规则和制度长久存在。提升人的情操,使理性计算不超越自然法确立的范围,才能改变不正义的人为规则和制度,从而推动改革前进。
This article explores the issue of reform from Smith’s natural law perspective. Smith’s natural law is based on sentiment. Natural law provides a criterion for judging the quality of the rules. The reform is to correct the rules and systems of man that violate natural law and return to the natural order. Regardless of the law of nature, the rational calculation of utilitarianism is destructive and perpetuates the rules and institutions of injustice. To enhance people’s sentiments so that rational calculations do not go beyond the limits established by natural law can we change the rules and systems of unjust human beings so as to push forward the reform.