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灌溉生产函数y=f(w)是作物生育期内投入水量与其产量之间的数量关系。(dy)/(dw)是增加单位投入水量所增加的产量,即为灌溉生产函数曲线的斜率,称为边际产量,它是递减的。在生产函数曲线的顶点,边际产量等于零,所以当可供利用的灌溉水资源量一定时,按照达到最高单产的要求进行灌溉是不合理不经济的。 本文依据地处干旱半干旱地区的甘肃、新疆、内蒙、山西、河南、河北等省(区)有关灌溉试验站实测资料推导了确定达到总产量最高或总纯收入最大的水资源消耗量和灌溉定额的图解法,并且在水资源分配中引进了边际平衡原理。
The irrigation production function y = f (w) is the quantitative relationship between input and crop yield during crop growth. (dy) / (dw) is the increase of output per unit volume of water. It is the slope of the curve of irrigation production function, called the marginal product, which is decreasing. At the apex of the production function curve, the marginal product equals zero, so irrigation irrigating to meet the highest yield can not be justified irrespective of the amount of available irrigation water. Based on the data from the experimental stations in Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces (arid areas) in arid and semi-arid regions, this paper deduces the water resources consumption and irrigation that determine the highest total output or total net income Quotas, and introduced the principle of marginal equilibrium in the allocation of water resources.