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Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons,with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved performance.This fascinating technology has progressed at a very fast pace in the past 15 years,since its inception in standard CMOS technology in 2003.A host of architectures have been investigated,ranging from simpler implementations,based solely on off-chip data processing,to progressively "smarter" sensors including on-chip,or even pixel level,time-stamping and processing capabilities.As the technology has matured,a range of biophotonics applications have been explored,including (endoscopic) FLIM,(multibeam multiphoton) FLIM-FRET,SPIM-FCS,super-resolution microscopy,time-resolved Raman spectroscopy,NIROT and PET.We will review some representative sensors and their corresponding applications,including the most relevant challenges faced by chip designers and end-users.Finally,we will provide an outlook on the future of this fascinating technology.