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目的探讨出生7d内早产儿的自由排尿特点。方法选取2010年3-5月在本院NICU住院的113例出生7d内无疾病的单胎早产儿。男60例,女53例;胎龄32～36周[(34.0±1.9)周];体质量1.16～2.07kg[(1.48±0.34)kg]。据日龄分为7组(第1天组～第7天组)。第1天组6例,第2天组11例,第3天组11例,第4天组18例,第5天组18例,第6天组26例,第7天组23例。每组均进行12h(9:00-21:00)自由排尿观察,记录排尿时间、每次排尿量,B超测量排尿后残余尿量,排尿时觉醒状态。结果 113例早产儿12h共观察排尿745次。第1天组6例早产儿观察时段位于出生0.5～12.5h,12h内排尿1～4次[(2.8±1.2)次],其中5例出生4h内无排尿。第3天组开始发现早产儿排尿前有手臂或大腿微动或排尿后啼哭现象。第2、3、4天组平均2.5h排尿1次。第5、6、7天组平均不到2h排尿1次。第1天组、第4天组、第7天组排尿次数、排尿量比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。各组残余尿量比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05),膀胱排空率均低于30%。总体27.39%(204/745次)的排尿发生在清醒状态。间断排尿(10min内排尿次数≥2)见于第2天组以后的早产儿,达70%(522/745次)。结论出生7d内的早产儿中枢神经系统参与排尿不明显。每次排尿量及排尿次数变异较大,但有随日龄增加的趋势。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of free urination of premature children within 7 days of birth. Methods A total of 113 hospitalized NICUs from March 2010 to May 2010 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. There were 60 males and 53 females with gestational age ranging from 32 to 36 weeks [(34.0 ± 1.9) weeks] and body weight ranging from 1.16 to 2.07 kg [(1.48 ± 0.34) kg]. According to the age divided into 7 groups (day 1 group ~ day 7 group). 6 cases on day 1, 11 cases on day 2, 11 cases on day 3, 18 cases on day 4, 18 cases on day 5, 26 cases on day 6 and 23 cases on day 7. Each group were 12h (9: 00-21: 00) free urination observation, recording urination time, each urine output, B-measured residual urine volume after urination, urinary awakening. Results 113 cases of preterm infants were observed 12h urination 745 times. On the first day, six preterm infants were observed within 0.5-12.5 hours after birth and 1 to 4 times within 12 hours [(2.8 ± 1.2) times], of which 5 cases had no urination within 4 hours of birth. On day 3, the group started to notice the premature urination of the premature infants with the fretting of the arms or thighs or crying after urination. On the 2nd, 3rd and 4th days, the rats in group 2.5h urinated on average. On the 5th, 6th and 7th day, the average urination time was less than 2 hours. On day 1, day 4, day 7, the frequency of urination and urine output were significantly different (Pa <0.05). Residual urine volume in each group was no significant difference (Pa> 0.05), bladder emptying rate was less than 30%. Overall, 27.39% (204/745) of urination occurred in the awake state. Intermittent urination (urination frequency within 10 min ≥ 2) was found in 70% of preterm infants (522/745) after day 2. Conclusions The central nervous system of preterm infants within 7 days of birth is not obviously involved in urination. Each urination volume and urination frequency vary greatly, but with the increasing trend of age.