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胎儿或新生儿先天性异常有四类:遗传因子疾病(Genopathy);配偶因子疾病(Gametopathy)即精子和卵子结合的异常表现于性染色体异常;胚胎疾病(Embryopathy)即卵子受精后10周内,临床上末次月经后三个月内引起的胚胎疾病或胎儿畸形;胎儿疾病(Fetopathy)即妊娠四个月始至妊娠末期胎儿发生的异常。虽然这四类可区分胎儿或新生儿异常,可是妊娠期间或妊娠前母体用药受其影响的有配偶因子疾病,胚胎疾病及胎儿疾病三种,胎儿畸形主要由胚胎疾病引起。
There are four types of congenital anomalies in the fetus or newborn: Genopathy; Gametopathy, a combination of sperm and egg abnormalities in sex chromosome abnormalities; Embryopathy, which is 10 weeks after fertilization, Fetopathy or fetal malformations that are caused within three months of the last clinical menstrual period; Fetopathy, an abnormality that occurs in the fetus from the first trimester to the third trimester of pregnancy. Although these four categories can distinguish fetus or newborn anomaly, there are three kinds of spouse factor disease, embryo disease and fetal disease affected by maternal medication during or during pregnancy. Fetal malformation is mainly caused by embryo disease.