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背景:关节软骨单位作为近年来才逐渐被重视的关节软骨功能结构,大量研究证实其在关节软骨代谢、力学传导及退变过程中发挥着重要作用,其明确的功能及作用机制问题尚需进一步深入研究。目的:对关节软骨基本解剖功能结构—软骨单位的组织形态、功能、体外消化分离及退变的相关研究进行综述。方法:计算机检索PubMed数据库2009-07前的相关研究论文进行综述,其中包括本实验室一些软骨细胞及软骨单位的相关前期研究数据和图片资料。结果与结论:与周围基质相比,细胞周基质的特异性成分为Ⅵ型胶原,新生期该成分广泛存在于细胞外基质中,随着年龄增长,Ⅵ型胶原等成分逐渐浓缩于细胞周围狭窄区域。近期,有学者利用激光共聚焦显微镜对软骨细胞及软骨单位的体内原位形态学进行定量检测,利用微管吸吮和原子力显微镜等最新技术对软骨细胞及细胞周基质的生物力学特性进行检测。更多研究发现,细胞周基质的存在明显改变了软骨细胞相关基因表达。同时,在骨关节炎软骨退变时,软骨单位及细胞周基质同样发生了相应的退行性改变。目前,尽管细胞周基质的具体功能不是很明确,但越来越多的体内外研究证实,细胞周基质的存在调整了软骨细胞的代谢及力学微环境,软骨单位为关节软骨中最基本的解剖功能结构。
BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage units, as the functional structure of articular cartilage which has been paid more and more attention in recent years, have been proved to be important in the process of cartilage metabolism, mechanical conduction and degeneration, and their definite functions and mechanisms need further study In-depth study. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the basic anatomical structure of articular cartilage - the histomorphology, function, in vitro digestion and degeneration of cartilage. METHODS: A review of related research papers published before PubMed database 2009-07 was conducted, including relevant preliminary data and pictures of some chondrocytes and cartilage units in our laboratory. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the surrounding matrix, the specific component of the pericyte matrix was type Ⅵ collagen. During the neonatal period, this component widely existed in the extracellular matrix. As the age increased, components such as type Ⅵ collagen gradually concentrated in the surrounding narrow area. Recently, some scholars used laser confocal microscopy to quantitatively detect the in situ morphology of chondrocytes and cartilage units in vivo, and examined the biomechanical properties of chondrocytes and pericytes by using the latest techniques such as microtubule aspiration and atomic force microscopy. More studies have found that the presence of the cell cycle matrix significantly changes chondrocyte-related gene expression. At the same time, in the degeneration of cartilage of osteoarthritis, cartilage units and pericytes also occurred corresponding degenerative changes. At present, more and more in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the presence of pericytes adjusts the metabolic and mechanical microenvironment of chondrocytes, the most basic anatomy of articular cartilage, although the specific function of the cell cycle matrix is not well defined Functional structure.