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目的了解在柴油中掺烧不同比例乙醇对柴油机工作时污染排放的影响,为寻找节能、低污染汽车燃料提供科学依据。方法采用Ames试验、彗星试验及色谱-质谱联用仪对不同比例乙醇-柴油(体积比为0∶100、5∶95、10∶90、20∶80)混合燃料排放颗粒提取物(E0、E5、E10、E20)进行了遗传毒性检测和16种多环芳烃测定及分析。结果不同比例乙醇-柴油混合燃料燃烧后排放颗粒提取物在Ames试验和彗星试验中均为阳性反应,表明其具有明显的致基因突变及DNA损伤作用。其中不掺烧乙醇的柴油排放物(E0)遗传毒性作用明显,掺体积分数为5%的乙醇的排放物(E5)遗传毒性降低,增加掺烧乙醇的比例,排放物的毒性作用又逐渐增强。多环芳烃的测定结果显示,不掺烧乙醇排放物比排量较高(77.19μg·kw-1·h-1),掺烧体积分数为5%的乙醇可降低比排放量(62.43μg·kw-1·h-1),增加掺烧乙醇比例,比排量又出现明显的增加(107.15μg·kw-1·h-1)。其结果与基因突变试验和DNA损伤试验结果有一定的正相关。结论与纯柴油或高比例掺烧乙醇相比较,掺燃体积分数为5%的乙醇的柴油燃料可降低燃烧排放物中多环芳烃的比排放量和燃烧排放物的遗传毒性。
Objective To understand the influence of blending different proportions of ethanol in diesel on the pollution emission of diesel engines and provide a scientific basis for finding energy-saving and low-pollution motor fuel. Methods Ames test, comet assay and GC-MS were used to study the effects of different proportions of ethanol and diesel fuel mixture (E0, E5, , E10, E20) were tested for genotoxicity and 16 PAHs were determined and analyzed. Results The results showed that particulate extracts from combustion of ethanol-diesel fuel with different proportions were positive in Ames test and comet assay, indicating that they had obvious gene mutation and DNA damage. Among them, the genotoxicity of diesel E0 without ethanol was obvious, and the genotoxicity of E5 with 5% of doping concentration was decreased. The proportion of ethanol-doped ethanol increased and the toxicity of the emissions increased gradually . The results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed that the specific emission of non-doped ethanol was 77.19μg · kw-1 · h-1 and the specific volume was 5% ethanol (62.43μg · kw-1 · h-1). With the increase of the ratio of ethanol to ethanol, the specific output increased obviously (107.15μg · kw-1 · h-1). The results with the gene mutation test and DNA damage test results have a certain positive correlation. Conclusions Diesel fuels that incorporate 5% ethanol by volume can reduce the PAHs emissions and the genotoxicity of combustion emissions compared to pure diesel or high proportions of ethanol.