基因治疗的主要目的是开发和利用高效无毒的基因载体 ,包裹和传递外源性基因材料到靶细胞。病毒型基因载体包括逆转录病毒、腺病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒相关病毒和痘病毒 ,基因传递效率高 ,但安全性差和基因载量低。非病毒载体包括阳离子聚合物、阳离子多肽和阳离子脂质体 ,基因传递效率比病毒载体低 ,但更安全、制备简单、基因包裹率高。 The main purpose of gene therapy is to develop and utilize highly efficient and non-toxic gene vectors to package and deliver exogenous genetic material to target cells. Viral gene vectors, including retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno-associated viruses and poxviruses, have high gene transfer efficiency but poor safety and low gene load. Non-viral vectors include cationic polymers, cationic polypeptides and cationic liposomes. Gene delivery efficiency is lower than that of viral vectors, but it is safer, simpler to prepare, and has a higher gene package rate.