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《五帝本纪》是《史记》首篇,也是司马迁极用力之文。司马迁在《五帝本纪》的史料选择中除了采用儒家的经典《尚书》,对《孟子》也尤其关注。在《孟子》尚未成为经书而处于辅经地位的汉初,司马迁对《孟子》中有关尧舜题材的采纳,具有不同寻常的学术意义,这不仅表达了司马迁对史料选择的审慎态度,也传达出司马迁对《孟子》的儒家学术经典地位的最早肯定。
“Five Emperors of this century” is “Shiji” the first, but also Sima Qian extremely hard. Sima Qian’s choice of historical materials in the “Five Emperors of this century” apart from adopting the classic “Shang Shu” of Confucianism is also of particular concern to Mencius. In the early Han Dynasty where “Mencius” had not yet become a scripture, Sima Qian had an unusual academic significance on the adoption of Yao and Shun themes in Mencius, which not only expressed Sima Qian’s cautious attitude toward the choice of historical materials, but also conveyed Sima Qian’s earliest affirmation of Confucian classics position in Mencius.