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目的模拟舰船内爆炸后生物体的损伤情况,探索典型多舱室内爆炸后比格犬在爆炸冲击波、准静态压力作用下的颅脑损伤伤情特点。方法在等比例舰艇舱室模型中,使用0.65kg TNT裸药模拟舰船内爆炸,其中炸药安放舱为当舱,相邻舱室为邻舱。采用压力传感器测定冲击波物理参数。将24只比格犬随机分为2组,每组12只,分别置于当舱和邻舱中接受爆炸损伤。观察爆炸后犬存活情况、基本生命体征变化、神经功能评分以及颅脑大体和形态学改变。结果爆炸后舱室内会出现两次较大的反射冲击波,邻舱的冲击波压力峰值约为当舱的0.39倍。比格犬在爆炸后即刻死亡7只,24h内死亡4只,死亡率为45.83%(11/24),其中当舱动物死亡率为66.67%(8/12),邻舱动物死亡率为25.0%(3/12)。存活比格犬的基本生命体征和神经功能在爆后即刻有较大的改变,24h后基本恢复。即刻死亡的比格犬脑组织有明显的挫裂伤,爆炸后24h内死亡的比格犬脑组织可见脑出血和脑水肿;爆炸后存活比格犬的脑组织在光镜下也可见部分形态结构和神经元结构的异常,部分神经元出现核固缩深染、核溶解或核仁消失,细胞界限模糊。结论舰船多舱室爆炸后,当舱的冲击波压力明显高于邻舱,并且舱室内会出现二次反射冲击波,加重了对生物体的损伤;当舱比格犬的死亡率明显高于邻舱;比格犬在爆后即刻急性损伤最为严重,且脑组织有明显的病理变化。
Objective To simulate the damage of organism after explosion in a ship and to explore the traumatic characteristics of traumatic brain injury under the impact of blast shock wave and quasi-static pressure in beagle dogs after typical multi-cabin explosion. Methods In the model of warship warships, 0.65kg TNT bare-metal bomb was used to simulate the in-ship explosions, in which the explosive storage compartment was the former compartment and the adjacent compartment was the adjacent compartment. Pressure sensor used to measure shock wave physical parameters. Twenty-four beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups of 12 rats, which were placed in the capsule and the adjacent chamber to receive the blast injury. Survival status, basic vital signs, neurological function scores, craniocerebral morphology and morphological changes were observed after the explosion. As a result, two large reflected shock waves appear in the cabin after explosion, and the peak pressure of shock wave in the adjacent cabin is about 0.39 times that of the cabin. Beagle dogs died immediately after the explosion 7, 24h died within 4, the mortality rate was 45.83% (11/24), of which when the mortality rate was 66.67% (8/12), the mortality rate of adjacent compartments was 25.0 % (3/12). The survival of beagle dogs basic vital signs and neurological function immediately after the explosion has a greater change, basic recovery after 24h. Immediate death of Beagle dogs brain tissue obvious contusion, death within 24h Beagle dogs after intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral edema; survival of beagle dogs Beagle brain tissue under light microscopy can also be seen in some forms Structure and structure of neurons abnormalities, some of the neurons shrink nuclear staining, nucleolus or nucleolus disappear, the cell boundaries blurred. Conclusions After multiple chamber explosion, the shock wave pressure of the tank is significantly higher than that of the adjacent tank, and the secondary reflection shock wave appears in the tank, which aggravates the damage to the living body. When the mortality of the beagle is obviously higher than that of the adjacent tank Beagle dogs were most acutely damaged immediately after the explosion, and the brain tissue had obvious pathological changes.