论文部分内容阅读
由于美国政府与国会在应对气候变化问题上持消极态度,人们将气候变化斗争的舞台转移到法庭,期望通过诉讼的形式推动政府和大型能源企业积极应对气候变化问题。相关诉讼大量出现,并逐渐形成一种特殊的诉讼类型,即气候变化诉讼。其中《国家环境政策法》是气候变化诉讼中原告使用的最重要的法律武器之一。《国家环境政策法》中规定了与气候变化诉讼关系较为密切的环境影响评价制度。该制度要求联邦机构对于“显著影响人类生存环境质量的主要联邦行动,应编写详细的环境影响报告书(EIS)”。地球之友、绿色和平、博尔德市等诉美国进出口银行和美国海外私人投资公司案是与这一法律相关的典型案件。本文试对该法律文本与判例进行评析。
Due to the negative attitude of the US government and Congress in coping with climate change, people have moved the stage of the climate change struggle to the courts and are expected to push the government and large energy enterprises to actively respond to climate change through litigation. A large number of related litigation, and gradually form a special type of litigation, that climate change litigation. Among them, the National Environmental Policy Act is one of the most important legal weapons used by plaintiffs in climate litigation. The National Environmental Policy Act sets out a system of environmental impact assessment that is more closely related to climate change litigation. The system requires federal agencies to prepare detailed environmental impact reports (EISs) for major “federal actions that significantly affect the quality of the human environment.” Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, and Boulder v. The U.S. Export-Import Bank and the U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporations are typical examples of this law. This article tries to comment on the legal texts and jurisprudence.