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目的探讨西洋参不同组织器官中总皂苷和单体皂苷量的差异及其与人参皂苷合成途径中鲨烯合成酶(SQS)和鲨烯环氧酶(SQE)基因表达量之间的关系。方法以4年生西洋参的14个组织器官为材料,索氏回流法提取总皂苷,采用HPLC法测定6种单体皂苷(人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2和Rd)的量,用香草醛-硫酸比色法测定总皂苷量。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析SQS和SQE基因在西洋参14个组织器官中的表达量。结果总皂苷和单体皂苷量在西洋参不同组织器官中差异非常显著(P<0.01)。除人参皂苷Rb2外,各单体皂苷及总皂苷之间均呈非常显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。SQS和SQE基因在14个组织器官中的表达量具有非常显著的差异(P<0.01)并与人参皂苷Re、Rg1、Rb1、Rd和总皂苷量之间有显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论西洋参不同组织器官中皂苷的量存在差异,SQS和SQE基因在人参皂苷合成途径中起着极其重要的作用。
Objective To investigate the differences of total saponins and monomeric saponins in different tissues and organs of American ginseng and their relationship with the expression of squalene synthase (SQS) and squalene epoxidase (SQE) in ginsenoside synthesis pathway. Methods Four tissues and organs of 4-year-old American ginseng were used as materials. The total saponin was extracted by Soxhlet method. The contents of 6 kinds of monomeric saponins (ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd) Determination of total saponins by aldehyde - sulfuric acid colorimetry. The expression levels of SQS and SQE genes in 14 tissues and organs of American ginseng were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The total saponin and monomer saponin in different tissues and organs of American ginseng difference was significant (P <0.01). Except for ginsenoside Rb2, there was a significant positive correlation between all saponins and total saponins (P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between SQS and SQE gene expression in 14 tissues and organs (P <0.01) and with the amounts of Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rd and total saponins (P <0.05 ). Conclusion There are differences in the amount of saponins in different tissues and organs of American ginseng. SQS and SQE genes play an important role in the synthesis of ginsenosides.