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目的:探讨重度颅脑损伤患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和炎性因子水平与脑神经功能恢复的相关性。方法:选择浙江省台州医院2018年1月至2020年1月收治的颅脑损伤患者96例，其中轻中度45例（轻中度组）和重度患者51例（重症组）。另选择浙江省台州医院2018年1月至2020年1月体检健康者60例为健康对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定NSE水平，采用免疫比浊法测定C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，采用化学发光法测定降钙素原（PCT）水平，采用酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平。随访3个月，采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）评价脑神经功能恢复情况。结果:血清NSE水平，重症组［（50.42±13.25）μg/L］和轻中度组［（36.79±10.28）μg/L］均高于健康对照组［（6.13±1.78）μg/L］（n t=25.641、22.688，均n P<0.05），重症组高于轻中度组（n t=5.576，n P<0.05）。血清CRP、PCT、IL-6和TNF-α水平，重症组［（78.95±15.46）mg/L、（3.46±0.75）μg/L、（432.15±78.29）μg/L和（36.57±8.98）μg/L］和轻中度组［（34.65±7.48）mg/L、（1.68±0.51）μg/L、（285.41±36.75）μg/L和（17.54±5.26）μg/L］均高于健康对照组［（3.25±0.86）mg/L、（0.08±0.02）μg/L、（73.52±13.89）μg/L和（1.64±0.50）μg/L］（n t=37.890、34.922、34.870、30.099、32.284、24.315、40.980、23.312，均n P<0.05），且重症组高于轻中度组（n t=17.493、13.414、11.500、12.451，n P<0.05）。重度颅脑损伤患者中，脑神经功能恢复良好34例，脑神经功能恢复不良17例。恢复不良组血清NSE［（68.93±14.25）μg/L］高于恢复良好组［（34.61±12.36）μg/L］（n t=8.457，n P<0.05）。恢复不良组血清CRP［（113.24±27.39）mg/L］、PCT［（4.57±0.87）μg/L］、IL-6［（598.90±43.52）μg/L］和TNF-α［（58.78±12.13）μg/L］均高于恢复良好组［（32.19±6.90）mg/L、（2.23±0.65）μg/L、（261.39±26.56）μg/L和（14.53±4.26）μg/L］（n t=11.956、9.788、29.280、14.537，均n P<0.05）。血清NSE、CRP、PCT、IL-6和TNF-α与预后不良呈线性正相关（n r=0.849、0.743、0.795、0.683、0.701，均n P<0.05）。n 结论:重度颅脑损伤患者血清NSE、CRP、PCT、IL-6和TNF-α水平升高，且与预后不良呈线性正相关。“,”Objective:To correlate serum levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and inflammatory factors with recovery of neurological function in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods:Ninety-six patients with severe traumatic brain injury who received treatment from January 2018 to January 2020 in Taizhou Hospital were included in this study. These patients were divided into a mild-to-moderate group (n n = 51) and a severe group (n n = 45). Additional 60 healthy controls who concurrently received health examination were included in the healthy control group. Serum NSE level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level by immunoturbidimetry, serum procalcitonin (PCT) level by chemiluminescent assay, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients were followed up for 3 months. Recovery of neurological function was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale.n Results:Serum NSE level was (50.42 ± 13.25) μg/L and (36.79 ± 10.28) μg/L in the severe and mild-to-moderate groups, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group [(6.13 ± 1.78) μg/L, n t = 25.641, 22.688, both n P < 0.05). Serum NSE level in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the mild-to- moderate group ( n t = 5.576, n P < 0.05). Serum CRP, PCT, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were (78.95 ± 15.46) mg/L, (3.46 ± 0.75) μg/L, (432.15 ± 78.29) μg/L and (36.57 ± 8.98) μg/L] respectively in the severe group, (34.65 ± 7.48) mg/L, (1.68 ± 0.51) μg/L, (285.41 ± 36.75) μg/L and (17.54 ± 5.26) μg/L] respectively in the mild-to-moderate group and (3.25 ± 0.86) mg/L, (0.08 ± 0.02) μg/L, (73.52 ± 13.89) μg/L and (1.64 ± 0.50) μg/L, respectively in the healthy control group. Serum CRP, PCT, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the severe and mild-to-moderate groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group ( n t = 37.890, 34.922, 34.870, 30.099, 32.284, 24.315, 40.980, 23.312, all n P < 0.05). Serum levels of these indicators in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild-to-moderate group ( n t = 17.493, 13.414, 11.500, 12.451, all n P < 0.05). In the severe group, neurological function recovered well in 34 patients and poorly in 17 patients. Serum NSE level in patients with poor neurological function recovery was significantly higher than that in patients with good recovery [(68.93 ± 14.25) μg/L n vs. (34.61 ± 12.36) μg/L, n t = 8.457, n P < 0.05). Serum CRP [(113.24 ± 27.39) mg/L], PCT [(4.57 ± 0.87) μg/L], IL-6 [(598.90 ± 43.52) μg/L] and TNF-α [(58.78 ± 12.13) μg/L] levels in patients with poor recovery were significantly higher than those in patients with good recovery [(32.19 ± 6.90) mg/L, (2.23 ± 0.65) μg/L, (261.39 ± 26.56) μg/L and (14.53 ± 4.26) μg/L, n t = 11.956, 9.788, 29.280 and 14.537, all n P < 0.05). Serum NSE, CRP, PCT, IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with poor prognosis ( n r = 0.849, 0.743, 0.795, 0.683, 0.701, all n P < 0.05).n Conclusion:In patients with severe traumatic brain injury, serum NSE, CRP, PCT, IL-6 and TNF-α levels increase, which are positively correlated with poor prognosis.