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Over the past decade， Virtual Reality （VR） has gone mainstream. VR experiences can now be found at theme parks， FECs1， retail malls and even museums.
For instance， one VR experience that has made headlines in recent years is Mona Lisa： Beyond the Glass at the Louvre Museum， a collaboration with HTC Vive Arts2. Part of the Louvre’s Leonardo da Vinci exhibition in 2019/20， it brought to life the story of the iconic Mona Lisa.
One huge benefit for museums in using VR experiences is that it allows them to bring objects， scenes and stories to life.
For instance， this technology can be used to digitally restore famous sites such as the Colosseum in Rome. Or to transport visitors back in time， for example， to Pompeii before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It enables people to feel part of the exhibition， rather than being a passive viewer.
For those wanting to travel a little further afield， VR can also help us to explore other terrains. For example， the surface of the moon or the deepest oceans.
Here are some examples of innovative ways that museums have used this technology to enhance their visitor offer：
The Renwick Gallery， Washington D.C.
The Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington D.C. provides a way of exploring its WONDER exhibition in VR. Using a free app， called WONDER 360， visitors can use their own device to view 360° 3D panoramic views of the gallery， alongside video interviews with the curator and some of the artists.
The WONDER exhibition， which ran from November 2015 to July 2016， was hugely popular. It featured stunning gallery-sized installations.
Thanks to VR technology， the works by nine leading artists are available to experience in a whole new way. Even though the physical exhibition at the museum has ended.
“The app captures the WONDER exhibition as a moment in time and lets you carry the beauty of that experience around in your pocket， anywhere in the world. It represents a whole new way of sharing art with the public.” said Sara Snyder， chief of the museum’s media and technology office， when the app was initially released.
The National Museum of Natural History， Paris
Since 2018， visitors to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris， France， have been able to enjoy a fascinating VR experience. The Cabinet De Réalité Virtuelle （The Cabinet of Virtual Reality） was the first permanent museum room in the country dedicated to VR technology. Once they enter the Cabinet of Virtual Reality， guests enjoy a specially designed programme： Journey into the Heart of Evolution. Here， they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more.
The room is home to five VR stations， each with an HTC Vive virtual reality system. This means that five visitors can take part at the same time. There is a tactile mat on the floor so that the participants are aware of the area that they must stay within.
The National Czech and Slovak Museum， Cedar Rapids
The National Czech and Slovak Museum & Library in Cedar Rapids， Iowa， used VR in its Guts & Glory： The War Train that Shaped a Nation exhibition in 2018.
The exhibition told the story of 60，000 Czech and Slovak soldiers who were stranded in Russia at the end of WWI. They banded together， seized the Trans-Siberian Railway， fought their way 5，000 miles to the port of Vladivostok and provided crucial support for the allies， as well as being instrumental in the formation of their new homeland： Czechoslovakia. Students from Cedar Rapids Metro High School designed replica train cars for the exhibit.
Visitors were able to don a VR headset and put themselves in the shoes of3 a soldier on the train.
Peterson Automotive Museum， Los Angeles
The Peterson Automotive Museum worked with Microsoft HoloLens in 2017 to create a new exhibition. The result was an exciting VR experience. Visitors were able to interact with a classic American sports car， the Ford GT40.
This supercar is a fascinating piece of history， and winner of several Le Mans races in the 1960s. The HoloLens allowed visitors to see the car up close， alongside a modern 2017 Ford GT for comparison. The exhibition aimed to tell a story， by blending the real and the virtual space. Visitors were further drawn into the experience by the addition of spatial audio， or surround sound. While learning about the history of the cars， they could also hear the roar of the engines and the sounds of tyres racing around a track.
The Tate， London
One of the Tate’s most popular exhibitions of recent years was its Modigliani retrospective of 2017/18. The Modigliani VR： The Ochre Atelier reimagines Modigliani’s final Parisian studio， where he lived and worked in the final months of his life.
While the studio space itself still exists， it has changed much over the last century. Using the actual studio space as a template， as well as first-hand accounts， historical and technical research， the museum reconstructed the studio to accurately reflect the artist’s living environment. Each object included in the experience has been carefully researched and validated by art historians. This includes the cans of sardines， the cigarette packet and even the way the windows would have opened to let the light in. The Victoria and Albert Museum， London
Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic will be able to “travel down the rabbit hole” into a virtual space. People can join a “mind-bending trip” into Wonderland—without having to leave the sofa.
The opening of the Alice： Curiouser and Curiouser exhibition has been postponed until March 2021 because of the pandemic. But the museum said an at-home， virtual reality event， ahead of the opening， will transport “visitors into the world of Wonderland”.
“From rabbit holes to mirrors， flamingoes to hedgehogs， Wonderland is the perfect world for VR and the V&A is delighted to be pioneering our first ever VR event.”
过去十年间，虚拟现实已然大行其道。如今，在主题公园、家庭娱乐中心、零售商场乃至博物馆，都可以体验VR。
例如，卢浮宫博物馆与HTC Vive Arts联袂打造的《蒙娜丽莎：越界视野》VR体验项目，近年来成为新闻焦点。作为卢浮宫2019年至2020年《达·芬奇》艺术作品展的一部分，《蒙娜丽莎：越界视野》赋予达·芬奇笔下的经典人物蒙娜丽莎以鲜活的生命。
VR体验带给博物馆的一大好处是，可以栩栩如生地展现物品、场景和故事。
例如，VR可以通过数字技术还原名胜古迹，比如古罗马斗兽场;或者令参观者开启一段时光之旅，比如回到维苏威火山爆发之前的庞贝。通过VR体验，参观者可以参与到展览之中，而非被动地浏览。
如果想要去更远的地方，VR还可以带我们探索其他地带，譬如月球的表面或者最深的海域。
在下面的案例中，我们可以看到博物馆是怎样不断创新，通过VR技术提升参观者体验的。
美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区伦威克美术馆
隶属于美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区史密森学会美国艺术博物馆的伦威克美术馆推出VR体验活动，让参观者领略该馆的《奇迹》艺术展。通过一项名为“奇迹360”的免费应用程序，参观者不仅可以用自己的设备观看馆长和部分艺术家的访谈视频，还可以360度查看美术馆的3D全景。
《奇迹》艺术展于2015年11月至2016年7月举办期间大受欢迎。艺术展推出的是占据整间展室的装置作品，令人惊叹。
得益于VR技术，即便实体展览已经结束，参观者也能够以全新的方式欣賞九位顶尖艺术家的作品。
博物馆媒体与技术办公室主任莎拉·斯奈德在该应用程序最初发布时说：“应用程序可以捕捉‘奇迹’艺术展的某个瞬间，无论您身处世界何地，都可以将这种体验的美感随身携带。通过这种技术，这款程序代表了与公众共享艺术的一种全新方式。”
法国巴黎国家自然历史博物馆
自2018年以来，造访法国巴黎国家自然历史博物馆的参观者可以享受一种令人着迷的VR体验。虚拟现实体验室是法国首个永久性的VR技术专用展室。
进入虚拟现实体验室之后，参观者可以参加一项特别设计的虚拟活动：进化中心之旅。在这里，参观者可以发现物种之间的联系，还可以放大不同的生物，学习更多的知识。
展室内设有五个VR体验区，每个区域都配有HTC Vive虚拟现实系统，这意味着五名参观者可以同时参与体验活动。地板上铺有触觉垫，方便参与者感知各自的活动范围。
美国锡达拉皮兹捷克和斯洛伐克国家博物馆
美国艾奥瓦州锡达拉皮兹的捷克和斯洛伐克国家博物馆和图书馆在2018年举办的《勇气与荣誉：塑造民族的战争列车》展览中采用了VR技术。
展览讲述了第一次世界大战接近尾声时6万名捷克和斯洛伐克士兵被迫滞留俄国的故事。他们团结一致，在夺取西伯利亚大铁路之后向符拉迪沃斯托克港挺进5000英里，为协约国提供了重要的支持;在建立新家园捷克斯洛伐克的过程中，他们也起到了推动作用。锡达拉皮兹大都市高等中学的学生为展览设计了火车车厢模型。
参观者可以戴上VR头盔，体会当时士兵在列车上的感受。
美国洛杉矶彼得森汽车博物馆
彼得森汽车博物馆在2017年举办的一场展览中使用了微软头显。参观者在与美国经典的福特 GT40跑车互动时，可以享受刺激的VR体验。
福特 GT40在1960年代多次获得勒芒耐力赛冠军头衔，代表着一段传奇岁月。通过微软头显，参观者不仅可以近距离观看汽车，还可以将福特 GT40与一旁现代摩登的福特2017 GT进行比较。展览旨在通过融合真实与虚拟的空间讲述一段故事。借助空间音效或环绕立体声的衬托，参观者可以获得更加真实的体验。在了解汽车历史的同时，参观者还可以听到汽车引擎的轰鸣声和轮胎行驶在赛道上的摩擦声。
英国伦敦泰特美术馆
2017年至2018年举办的莫蒂里安尼作品回顾展，是泰特美术馆近年来最受欢迎的展览之一。在名为《莫蒂里安尼的虚拟现实：赭色画室》的展览中，莫蒂里安尼在巴黎的最后一个画室得以重现——他在那里生活、工作，度过了人生的最后几个月。
虽然画室得以留存于世，但自20世纪以来已发生明显的改变。博物馆以莫蒂里安尼画室的实际空间面貌为模板，结合第一手资料以及相关的历史和技术研究，将画室重新展现在人们的面前，真实反映出莫蒂里安尼的生活环境。VR体验中涉及的每个物件都经由艺术史学家仔细研究和考证。不仅有沙丁鱼罐头和香烟盒，甚至包括为了采光而开窗的角度。
英国伦敦维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆
刘易斯·卡罗尔经典作品的粉丝们可以“沿着兔子洞”进入虚拟空间了。参观者无须离开沙发便可体验奇境中的“梦幻之旅”。
受疫情的影响，《爱丽丝：越奇越怪》展览已推迟至2021年3月。但博物馆表示，在展览正式拉开帷幕之前，博物馆将通过一场居家虚拟现实活动将带“参观者进入爱丽丝的奇幻世界”。
“从兔子洞到镜子，从火烈鸟到刺猬，这个奇境是体验VR技术的完美世界。维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆很高兴举办我馆成立以来的第一场VR体验活动。” □
（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者）
For instance， one VR experience that has made headlines in recent years is Mona Lisa： Beyond the Glass at the Louvre Museum， a collaboration with HTC Vive Arts2. Part of the Louvre’s Leonardo da Vinci exhibition in 2019/20， it brought to life the story of the iconic Mona Lisa.
One huge benefit for museums in using VR experiences is that it allows them to bring objects， scenes and stories to life.
For instance， this technology can be used to digitally restore famous sites such as the Colosseum in Rome. Or to transport visitors back in time， for example， to Pompeii before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It enables people to feel part of the exhibition， rather than being a passive viewer.
For those wanting to travel a little further afield， VR can also help us to explore other terrains. For example， the surface of the moon or the deepest oceans.
Here are some examples of innovative ways that museums have used this technology to enhance their visitor offer：
The Renwick Gallery， Washington D.C.
The Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington D.C. provides a way of exploring its WONDER exhibition in VR. Using a free app， called WONDER 360， visitors can use their own device to view 360° 3D panoramic views of the gallery， alongside video interviews with the curator and some of the artists.
The WONDER exhibition， which ran from November 2015 to July 2016， was hugely popular. It featured stunning gallery-sized installations.
Thanks to VR technology， the works by nine leading artists are available to experience in a whole new way. Even though the physical exhibition at the museum has ended.
“The app captures the WONDER exhibition as a moment in time and lets you carry the beauty of that experience around in your pocket， anywhere in the world. It represents a whole new way of sharing art with the public.” said Sara Snyder， chief of the museum’s media and technology office， when the app was initially released.
The National Museum of Natural History， Paris
Since 2018， visitors to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris， France， have been able to enjoy a fascinating VR experience. The Cabinet De Réalité Virtuelle （The Cabinet of Virtual Reality） was the first permanent museum room in the country dedicated to VR technology. Once they enter the Cabinet of Virtual Reality， guests enjoy a specially designed programme： Journey into the Heart of Evolution. Here， they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more.
The room is home to five VR stations， each with an HTC Vive virtual reality system. This means that five visitors can take part at the same time. There is a tactile mat on the floor so that the participants are aware of the area that they must stay within.
The National Czech and Slovak Museum， Cedar Rapids
The National Czech and Slovak Museum & Library in Cedar Rapids， Iowa， used VR in its Guts & Glory： The War Train that Shaped a Nation exhibition in 2018.
The exhibition told the story of 60，000 Czech and Slovak soldiers who were stranded in Russia at the end of WWI. They banded together， seized the Trans-Siberian Railway， fought their way 5，000 miles to the port of Vladivostok and provided crucial support for the allies， as well as being instrumental in the formation of their new homeland： Czechoslovakia. Students from Cedar Rapids Metro High School designed replica train cars for the exhibit.
Visitors were able to don a VR headset and put themselves in the shoes of3 a soldier on the train.
Peterson Automotive Museum， Los Angeles
The Peterson Automotive Museum worked with Microsoft HoloLens in 2017 to create a new exhibition. The result was an exciting VR experience. Visitors were able to interact with a classic American sports car， the Ford GT40.
This supercar is a fascinating piece of history， and winner of several Le Mans races in the 1960s. The HoloLens allowed visitors to see the car up close， alongside a modern 2017 Ford GT for comparison. The exhibition aimed to tell a story， by blending the real and the virtual space. Visitors were further drawn into the experience by the addition of spatial audio， or surround sound. While learning about the history of the cars， they could also hear the roar of the engines and the sounds of tyres racing around a track.
The Tate， London
One of the Tate’s most popular exhibitions of recent years was its Modigliani retrospective of 2017/18. The Modigliani VR： The Ochre Atelier reimagines Modigliani’s final Parisian studio， where he lived and worked in the final months of his life.
While the studio space itself still exists， it has changed much over the last century. Using the actual studio space as a template， as well as first-hand accounts， historical and technical research， the museum reconstructed the studio to accurately reflect the artist’s living environment. Each object included in the experience has been carefully researched and validated by art historians. This includes the cans of sardines， the cigarette packet and even the way the windows would have opened to let the light in. The Victoria and Albert Museum， London
Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic will be able to “travel down the rabbit hole” into a virtual space. People can join a “mind-bending trip” into Wonderland—without having to leave the sofa.
The opening of the Alice： Curiouser and Curiouser exhibition has been postponed until March 2021 because of the pandemic. But the museum said an at-home， virtual reality event， ahead of the opening， will transport “visitors into the world of Wonderland”.
“From rabbit holes to mirrors， flamingoes to hedgehogs， Wonderland is the perfect world for VR and the V&A is delighted to be pioneering our first ever VR event.”
过去十年间，虚拟现实已然大行其道。如今，在主题公园、家庭娱乐中心、零售商场乃至博物馆，都可以体验VR。
例如，卢浮宫博物馆与HTC Vive Arts联袂打造的《蒙娜丽莎：越界视野》VR体验项目，近年来成为新闻焦点。作为卢浮宫2019年至2020年《达·芬奇》艺术作品展的一部分，《蒙娜丽莎：越界视野》赋予达·芬奇笔下的经典人物蒙娜丽莎以鲜活的生命。
VR体验带给博物馆的一大好处是，可以栩栩如生地展现物品、场景和故事。
例如，VR可以通过数字技术还原名胜古迹，比如古罗马斗兽场;或者令参观者开启一段时光之旅，比如回到维苏威火山爆发之前的庞贝。通过VR体验，参观者可以参与到展览之中，而非被动地浏览。
如果想要去更远的地方，VR还可以带我们探索其他地带，譬如月球的表面或者最深的海域。
在下面的案例中，我们可以看到博物馆是怎样不断创新，通过VR技术提升参观者体验的。
美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区伦威克美术馆
隶属于美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区史密森学会美国艺术博物馆的伦威克美术馆推出VR体验活动，让参观者领略该馆的《奇迹》艺术展。通过一项名为“奇迹360”的免费应用程序，参观者不仅可以用自己的设备观看馆长和部分艺术家的访谈视频，还可以360度查看美术馆的3D全景。
《奇迹》艺术展于2015年11月至2016年7月举办期间大受欢迎。艺术展推出的是占据整间展室的装置作品，令人惊叹。
得益于VR技术，即便实体展览已经结束，参观者也能够以全新的方式欣賞九位顶尖艺术家的作品。
博物馆媒体与技术办公室主任莎拉·斯奈德在该应用程序最初发布时说：“应用程序可以捕捉‘奇迹’艺术展的某个瞬间，无论您身处世界何地，都可以将这种体验的美感随身携带。通过这种技术，这款程序代表了与公众共享艺术的一种全新方式。”
法国巴黎国家自然历史博物馆
自2018年以来，造访法国巴黎国家自然历史博物馆的参观者可以享受一种令人着迷的VR体验。虚拟现实体验室是法国首个永久性的VR技术专用展室。
进入虚拟现实体验室之后，参观者可以参加一项特别设计的虚拟活动：进化中心之旅。在这里，参观者可以发现物种之间的联系，还可以放大不同的生物，学习更多的知识。
展室内设有五个VR体验区，每个区域都配有HTC Vive虚拟现实系统，这意味着五名参观者可以同时参与体验活动。地板上铺有触觉垫，方便参与者感知各自的活动范围。
美国锡达拉皮兹捷克和斯洛伐克国家博物馆
美国艾奥瓦州锡达拉皮兹的捷克和斯洛伐克国家博物馆和图书馆在2018年举办的《勇气与荣誉：塑造民族的战争列车》展览中采用了VR技术。
展览讲述了第一次世界大战接近尾声时6万名捷克和斯洛伐克士兵被迫滞留俄国的故事。他们团结一致，在夺取西伯利亚大铁路之后向符拉迪沃斯托克港挺进5000英里，为协约国提供了重要的支持;在建立新家园捷克斯洛伐克的过程中，他们也起到了推动作用。锡达拉皮兹大都市高等中学的学生为展览设计了火车车厢模型。
参观者可以戴上VR头盔，体会当时士兵在列车上的感受。
美国洛杉矶彼得森汽车博物馆
彼得森汽车博物馆在2017年举办的一场展览中使用了微软头显。参观者在与美国经典的福特 GT40跑车互动时，可以享受刺激的VR体验。
福特 GT40在1960年代多次获得勒芒耐力赛冠军头衔，代表着一段传奇岁月。通过微软头显，参观者不仅可以近距离观看汽车，还可以将福特 GT40与一旁现代摩登的福特2017 GT进行比较。展览旨在通过融合真实与虚拟的空间讲述一段故事。借助空间音效或环绕立体声的衬托，参观者可以获得更加真实的体验。在了解汽车历史的同时，参观者还可以听到汽车引擎的轰鸣声和轮胎行驶在赛道上的摩擦声。
英国伦敦泰特美术馆
2017年至2018年举办的莫蒂里安尼作品回顾展，是泰特美术馆近年来最受欢迎的展览之一。在名为《莫蒂里安尼的虚拟现实：赭色画室》的展览中，莫蒂里安尼在巴黎的最后一个画室得以重现——他在那里生活、工作，度过了人生的最后几个月。
虽然画室得以留存于世，但自20世纪以来已发生明显的改变。博物馆以莫蒂里安尼画室的实际空间面貌为模板，结合第一手资料以及相关的历史和技术研究，将画室重新展现在人们的面前，真实反映出莫蒂里安尼的生活环境。VR体验中涉及的每个物件都经由艺术史学家仔细研究和考证。不仅有沙丁鱼罐头和香烟盒，甚至包括为了采光而开窗的角度。
英国伦敦维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆
刘易斯·卡罗尔经典作品的粉丝们可以“沿着兔子洞”进入虚拟空间了。参观者无须离开沙发便可体验奇境中的“梦幻之旅”。
受疫情的影响，《爱丽丝：越奇越怪》展览已推迟至2021年3月。但博物馆表示，在展览正式拉开帷幕之前，博物馆将通过一场居家虚拟现实活动将带“参观者进入爱丽丝的奇幻世界”。
“从兔子洞到镜子，从火烈鸟到刺猬，这个奇境是体验VR技术的完美世界。维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆很高兴举办我馆成立以来的第一场VR体验活动。” □
（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者）