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为明确2011-2012年度云南、四川、青海、陕西、甘肃和河南小麦叶锈菌的毒性特点,用31个近等基因系或已知抗病基因品种为鉴别寄主,对从六省采集的180份小麦叶锈菌标样进行了苗期毒性分析,共鉴定出62个致病类型,主要包括SHJ(10%)、THT(8.9%)、PHK(6.1%)、SHN(5%)、PHT(4.4%)、SHD(4.4%)、PCH(3.9%)、THP(3.3%)和THK(3.3%)。其中对Lr2c、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr14b、Lr33和Lr36的毒性频率均超过75%,说明这些抗病基因的利用价值已经不大;对Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr25、Lr28、Lr29、Lr38和Lr42的毒性频率低于30%,说明其在生产中仍然有效;对Lr2a、Lr3、Lr3bg、Lr20、Lr30和Lr32的毒性频率在六省中差异较大。毒性多态性结果表明云南和四川的小麦叶锈菌群体毒性多态性较高,其次为河南、甘肃和陕西,青海的毒性多态性最低。
In order to clarify the virulence characteristics of Puccinia triticinae in wheat from Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan Province in 2011-2012, 31 near-isogenic lines or known disease-resistant gene varieties were used as the identification host, A total of 62 pathogenic types were identified, including SHJ (10%), THT (8.9%), PHK (6.1%), SHN (4.4%), SHD (4.4%), PCH (3.9%), THP (3.3%) and THK (3.3%). Among them, the virulence frequencies of Lr2c, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr33 and Lr36 all exceeded 75%, indicating that the utilization value of these disease resistance genes was not significant. The toxicity of Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, Lr38 and Lr42 The frequency of toxicity was below 30%, indicating that it was still effective in the production. The frequency of toxicity to Lr2a, Lr3, Lr3bg, Lr20, Lr30 and Lr32 was significantly different among the six provinces. Toxicity polymorphism results showed that the virulence of wheat leaf rust population in Yunnan and Sichuan was higher, followed by that of Henan, Gansu and Shaanxi, and lowest in Qinghai.