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焊接变形预测中,为解决固有应变施加现有方法中存在的问题,依据初应变荷载的特性与有限元理论基础,提出一种施加固有应变的简易方法,即初应变荷载法。列出了初应变荷载法施加固有应变的具体步骤,并以对接焊接为例进行了验证,同时简述了初应变荷载计算固有应变等效荷载的方法。研究表明:初应变荷载法操作简单、容易掌握;能有效地施加固有应变,并确保焊接变形的计算精度;可以施加固有应变的剪切应变分量,且无需对塑性应变进行大量的积分;要求原模型与研究对象模型位于塑性区的单元具有相同的拓扑关系和单元尺寸。
In order to solve the existing problems in the application of inherent strain in welding deformation prediction, a simple method of applying inherent strain is proposed based on the characteristics of initial strain loading and the finite element theory. The concrete steps of applying inherent strain in initial strain loading method are listed. The example of butt welding is given as an example. At the same time, the method of calculating initial strain equivalent load with inherent strain is described. The results show that the initial strain loading method is simple and easy to grasp, it can effectively apply the inherent strain and ensure the calculation precision of the welding deformation. It is possible to apply the strain strain of the inherent strain without a large amount of plastic strain. The cells in the plastic zone have the same topological relationship and cell size as the model under study.