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目的:探讨黔南州布依族和苗族母婴过敏性疾病的患病情况及影响因素,并比较两民族危险因素和临床资料的差异。方法:对2009年1月~2010年6月在贵州省黔南州中医医院门诊建卡孕妇进行调查,并跟踪分娩后婴幼儿随访至3岁,共896对母婴作为研究对象,按民族分布依族组441名和苗族组455名分别采用《孕妇健康调查表》、《婴幼儿健康调查表》进行问卷调查,并对影响母婴过敏性疾病患病情况的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:两民族过敏性疾病总患病情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=51.44,P<0.01)。两民族过敏性疾病患病影响因素比较:布依族组在父亲有哮喘史、母亲有哮喘史、父母任何一方有过敏史、祖父母或外祖父母任何一方有哮喘史或过敏史、穿民族特殊服饰、母亲喜欢本民族特殊饮食、居住环境、母亲吸烟、母亲饮酒等方面与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);多元logistic线性回归分析表明,母亲有哮喘史、父母任何一方有过敏史、穿民族特殊服饰、母亲喜欢本民族特殊饮食、居住环境、母亲吸烟、母亲饮酒是影响过敏性疾病患病的相关因素。结论:黔南州布依族与苗族儿童母婴过敏性疾病患病情况有一定的差别,其影响因素为母亲有哮喘史、父母任何一方有过敏史、穿民族特殊服饰、母亲喜欢本民族特殊饮食、居住环境、母亲吸烟、母亲饮酒等。
Objective: To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of maternal allergic diseases among Buyi and Miao nationalities in Qiannan Prefecture, and to compare the differences between the two nationalities in risk factors and clinical data. Methods: From January 2009 to June 2010, we investigated the establishment of pregnant women in the outpatient department of Qiannanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2009 to June 2010 and followed up up to 3 years of infants and toddlers after delivery. A total of 896 maternal and infant subjects were investigated. According to the questionnaire survey of 441 people in the ethnic group and 455 in the Miao minority group, the questionnaire was conducted using the “Maternal Health Questionnaire” and the “Infant Health Questionnaire” respectively. Logistic multiple regression analysis was conducted on the related factors affecting the prevalence of allergic maternal and infant diseases. Results: The prevalence of allergic diseases in both ethnic groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 51.44, P <0.01). The two ethnic groups affected the prevalence of allergic diseases: the Buyi group had a history of asthma in the father, the mother had a history of asthma, any one parent had a history of allergies, grandparent or grandparents on either side had a history of asthma or allergies, wearing national special clothing, Compared with the Miao group, the mothers like the national special diet, living environment, mother’s smoking and mother’s drinking, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mother had a history of asthma and had allergies on either side History, wear special national costumes, mothers like this special diet, living environment, smoking mothers, mothers drinking is the impact of allergic diseases related factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal and child allergic diseases in Buyi and Miao nationality in Qiannan prefecture is different. The influencing factors are asthma history of mothers, history of allergy on either side, wearing national special costumes, mothers like their own national special diet , Living environment, mother smoking, mother drinking and so on.