[目的]主要对新疆木垒县文冠果果园的25～35 a生文冠果果树生物学特性、文冠果的物候期、开花结果习性、果实类型、树体结构等进行观察研究。[方法]采用测量法测定文冠果生育状况,即每棵树的树体结构、果实种类、种子数量。用称重法测定种子重量和单株产量。[结果]因倒春寒、春季持续低温等气候因素的影响,文冠果树芽萌动期、芽膨大期等物候期出现明显的差异,但是果实成熟期和落叶期基本一致;该园文冠果果实类型有3种:结3裂果的树占总株数88%～90%;结3裂果、4裂果的树占7%～8%;结3裂、4裂、5裂果的树占3%～4%;采取修剪技术可使文冠果产量明显提高。[结论]木垒县文冠果种植园管理粗放,产量较低,果实质量也不高,因此应制定科学合理的栽培技术和管理措施。 [Objective] The research aimed to study the biological characteristics of the crown fruit tree from 25 to 35 years old, the phenological period of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, the flowering habit, the type of fruit and the structure of tree body in the Orchard of Xuan crown in Mulei County, Xinjiang. [Method] The measuring method was used to test the reproductive status of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, which is the tree structure, fruit type and seed number of each tree. Seed weight and yield per plant were determined by weighing method. [Result] Compared with the climatic factors such as late spring cold and persistent low temperature in spring, there were significant differences in the phenophase of buds, such as buds and buds, but the fruit ripening and deciduous phases were basically the same. The fruit types There are three kinds: the number of knot 3 split fruit trees accounted for 88% to 90% of the total number; knot 3 crack fruit, 4 crack fruit tree accounted for 7% to 8%; knot 3 crack, 4 crack, 5 crack fruit trees accounted for 3% to 4% ; Pruning technology can make significantly improve the yield of the crown. [Conclusion] The plantation of Huaguan Xuan Guan fruit plantation was extensive in management, with low yield and poor fruit quality. Therefore, scientific and reasonable cultivation techniques and management measures should be formulated.