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量子信息技术的研究中大量采用单光子作为量子信息的载体,因此单光子探测技术成为近来研究的热点。目前基于InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管(APD)的单光子探测器(SPD)工作频率较低且无法连续可调。高速门控模式下,APD的容性效应会带来较强的尖峰噪声将光生雪崩信号湮没,导致探测器的探测效率也相对较低。为了提高单光子探测器的工作频率,降低后脉冲概率,设计了基于高速正弦门控技术的InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管淬灭-重置电路。为了抑制强大的背景噪声提高探测效率,设计了双APD平衡方案来提取有效雪崩信号。实验结果表明:设计的探测器工作频率连续可调;在-50℃、1~1.3GHz门控频率条件下,最光子大探测效率为35%,暗计数率为4.2×10~(-5)/gate。探测效率为18%时,暗计数率仅为5.6×10~(-6)/gate,后脉冲概率均低于5×10~(-6)/ns。
In the research of quantum information technology, single photon is widely used as the carrier of quantum information. Therefore, single photon detection technology has become a hot spot recently. Currently single-photon detectors (SPDs) based on InGaAs / InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operate at low frequencies and can not be continuously adjustable. In high-speed gated mode, the capacitive effect of APD will cause strong spike noise to annihilate the photo-avalanche signal, resulting in a relatively low detection efficiency of the detector. In order to increase the working frequency of the single photon detector and reduce the probability of post-pulse, an InGaAs / InP avalanche photodiode quenching-reset circuit based on high-speed sinusoidal gating technology is designed. In order to suppress the strong background noise and improve the detection efficiency, a double APD balance scheme is designed to extract effective avalanche signals. The experimental results show that the working frequency of the detector is continuously adjustable. Under the condition of -50 ℃ and 1 ~ 1.3GHz gate frequency, the detection efficiency of the most photon is 35% and the dark counting rate is 4.2 × 10 ~ (-5) / gate. When the detection efficiency is 18%, the dark count rate is only 5.6 × 10 -6 / gate and the post-pulse probability is less than 5 × 10 -6 / ns.