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目的：观察婴儿膈食管裂孔和膈食管膜（ＰＥＭ）的发育情况，探讨其在抗返流机制成熟中的作用。方法：通过１０例胎儿和５８例婴儿的解剖，观测膈食管裂孔面积和膈肌厚及膈食管膜。结果：婴儿ＰＥＭ起源腹横筋膜，ＰＥＭ上叶插入食管位置各组差别不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；食管裂孔面积和肌厚随婴儿年龄而逐渐增加，而裂孔肌相对厚度与胎儿组比较均减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：虽然ＰＥＭ和食管裂孔肌在婴儿可能起一定的抗返流作用，但在抗返流机制成熟过程中起的作用将越来越小
Objective: To observe the development of infantile diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus and diaphragm esophageal membrane (PEM) and to explore its role in anti-reflux mechanism maturation. Methods: Anatomy of 10 fetuses and 58 infants was performed to observe the area of diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus and the thickness of the diaphragm and the diaphragm esophageal membrane. Results: There was no significant difference in the origin of PEM from the transverse fascia and the insertion of esophageal pEM into the esophagus (P> 0.05). The area and muscle thickness of esophageal hiatus gradually increased with the age of the infants, while the relative thickness of the hiatus muscle compared with the fetus group Decreased (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although PEM and esophageal hiatus may play some anti-reflux effects in infants, the role played by anti-reflux mechanisms in maturation will be smaller and smaller