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目的:观察腰椎间孔韧带的形态及特点,以探讨其在腰腿痛发病机制中的作用。方法:取正常人体腰椎防腐标本,解剖椎间孔区,对椎间孔韧带的起止点、形态特征和分布特点等进行观测。结果:所有标本均含有椎间孔韧带,８０%椎间孔存在韧带组织,韧带以上腰椎多见,左右椎间孔韧带分布无对称性。椎间孔韧带平均厚度(０．３６ ± ０．４４)ｍｍ,以带状韧带为主。椎间孔垂直径、神经根孔垂直径和神经根直径分别为(１７．０９±２．９２)ｍｍ、(１１．１９±３．０６)ｍｍ、(４．３７±１．０８)ｍｍ。横孔韧带多分布在上位椎间孔,体横韧带多见于Ｌ５Ｓ１椎间孔处。结论:①腰椎间孔韧带形态变异较大,分布广泛而有一定的规律,应为正常的组织结构;②当椎间孔周围组织出现退变时,椎间孔韧带的存在可能会增加血管和神经根遭遇受挤压的危险性。
Objective: To observe the morphology and characteristics of lumbar intervertebral foraminocervical ligament to explore its role in the pathogenesis of low back pain. Methods: Normal human lumbar anticorrosive specimens were dissected and the intervertebral foramina were dissected. The starting and ending points, morphological characteristics and distribution characteristics of the foraminal ligaments were observed. Results: All the specimens included the lumbar intervertebral foramina, 80% of the intervertebral foramina existed in the lumbar spine. The lumbar ligament was more common and the distribution of the left and right foramen ligaments was asymmetric. The average thickness of the foraminal ligament (0.36 ± 0.44) mm, mainly ligaments. The vertical diameter of foraminal foramina, diameter of nerve root hole and diameter of nerve root were (17.09 ± 2.92) mm, (11.19 ± 3.06) mm and (4.37 ± 1.08) mm, respectively. Horizontal hole ligament distribution in the upper foramen, transverse cross ligament more common in L5S1 foramen. CONCLUSION: ① The morphological changes of lumbar intervertebral foramen are large, with wide distribution and certain regularity, which should be normal tissue structure. ② When the tissue around the intervertebral foramen degenerates, the presence of foraminal ligament may increase the number of vessels Nerve root suffered the risk of extrusion.