“敲门并声明”规则,作为美国宪法第四修正案合理性要求的考量因素之一,其在美国创立之初就已确立。又经过近半个世纪的发展,被美国联邦最高法院通过一系列判例对其内涵、目的、适用范围、适用例外及法律后果等予以明确。“敲门并声明”规则在私权保障以及冲突法益的平衡等方面,对我国刑事搜查有着积极的借鉴意义。 One of the considerations in the justification of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was its establishment at the beginning of the United States. After nearly half a century of development, the Supreme Court of the United States passed a series of precedents to clarify its connotation, purpose, scope of application, applicable exceptions and legal consequences. “Knock on the door and declare ” rules on the protection of private rights as well as the balance of the interests of conflict, and so on, has a positive reference for China’s criminal search.