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苏格兰启蒙运动最为重要的贡献是创建了古典政治经济学。历史地看,在18世纪苏格兰启蒙运动之前,经济学很大程度上还停留在对人口、农业、税收等进行统计的“政治计算”的层次。大卫.休谟、亚当.斯密、亚当.弗格森等苏格兰启蒙思想家通过对政府与市场、私利与公益、经济行为的伦理动机与社会后果等问题的厘清与诠释,使经济学日益挣脱了干涉主义、僧侣式德性的束缚而成为“财富的科学”。重温苏格兰启蒙时期古典政治经济学的创建及特质,不仅有助于深化对现代经济学形成与发展的认识,而且能够为在深刻领悟当前我国转型时期经济、政治、社会、伦理问题复杂性的基础上,建立中国经济学理论体系提供参考。
The most important contribution of the Scottish Enlightenment was the creation of classical political economy. Historically, until the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century, economics remained largely at the level of “political computing” that included statistics on population, agriculture, taxes, and so on. Scottish Enlightenment thinkers such as David Hume, Adam Smith, and Adam Ferguson have made economics increasingly free from interventionism by clarifying and interpreting issues such as the government and the market, private and public welfare, ethical motivation and social consequences of economic behavior , Monk-style morality and become the “science of wealth.” A review of the creation and characteristics of classical political economics in the Scottish Enlightenment period will not only help to deepen the understanding of the formation and development of modern economics but also help to understand the complexity of economic, political, social and ethical issues in the current period of our country’s transition Based on the establishment of China’s economic theory system to provide a reference.