论文部分内容阅读
首先应分析发达的资本主义国家的科学技术革命对国民经济各部门以及社会再生产结构的影响。必须指出,当代科技的进步为提高生产效率创造了条件,这不仅由于劳动生产率提高,而且找到了节约生产资料的新途径,其中包括降低基金占用量和物质消耗量的新途径。统计资料表明,如果说在十九世纪和二十世纪的头四十年里,资本主义国家的基金占用量具有增长的趋势,那么,此后,就产生了下降的趋势。比如,在1869—1878年,美国固定资本总值与国民生产总值的比例,平均为5.3;而在1929—1938年,则增加到5.8。而以后却
First of all, we should analyze the impact of the scientific and technological revolution in developed capitalist countries on the various departments of the national economy and on the structure of social reproduction. It must be pointed out that the advancement of modern science and technology has created the conditions for higher productivity not only because of the improvement of labor productivity but also of new ways of saving the means of production, including new ways of reducing fund occupancy and material consumption. Statistics show that there has been a downward trend since then, as fund occupiers in capitalist countries have been on the increase during the first four decades of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For example, between 1869 and 1878, the average fixed-capital ratio in the United States to GNP was 5.3; in 1929-38, it increased to 5.8. But later