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本文对机械工程设计、制造与质量检测中的公差进行了深入的分析，提出了用几何公差结构块（ＧｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃＴｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅＢｌｏｃｋｓ简称ＧＴＢＳ）的自由度来表示ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ中３Ｄ几何公差的方法。用该方法表示的几何公差模型能合理地、有效地定义和解释当今的国家公差标准，它为在ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ中建立一个严密的、完善的、基于特征的公差实体模型奠定了可靠的理论基础。
In this paper, the tolerances in mechanical engineering design, manufacturing and quality inspection are analyzed in depth. A method to represent the 3D geometric tolerances in CAD / CAM by using the degrees of freedom of geometric tolerance structural blocks (GTBS) is proposed. The geometric tolerance model represented by this method can reasonably and effectively define and explain today’s national tolerance standard, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for establishing a rigorous and perfect feature-based tolerance entity model in CAD / CAM .