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为了提高蔬菜产量,菜农大量施用化肥,菜地氮磷肥用量在一些地区已超过蔬菜实际需求量的数倍;而大多数蔬菜是浅根系和没有庞大根系的作物,菜地土壤已出现明显的氮磷累积现象,从而导致蔬菜作物营养失调,硝酸盐含量严重超标、品质下降,并引起菜地土壤理化性状恶化、地下水硝酸盐污染及地表水富营养化等一系列环境问题.本文综述了菜地土壤氮磷面源污染现状(氮磷累积特征、对水环境及蔬菜污染现状)、污染机制(氮磷来源、转化特征及损失途径)及包括施肥控制技术、应用化学添加剂技术、填闲作物技术、种植制度优化技术、汇源景观组合和生态草带拦截技术等污染控制技术,旨在为菜地土壤氮磷面源污染的深入研究提供借鉴.
In order to increase the yield of vegetables, vegetable farmers use a large amount of chemical fertilizers. The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable fields has exceeded the actual demand of vegetables in some areas. However, most vegetables are those with shallow roots and without large roots. Apparent nitrogen Phosphorus accumulation phenomenon, leading to nutrition disorders of vegetable crops, seriously excessive nitrate content, quality degradation, and lead to deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties of vegetables, groundwater nitrate pollution and surface water eutrophication and a series of environmental problems.In this paper, The status of non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil (accumulation characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus, status quo of water environment and vegetable pollution), pollution mechanism (source of nitrogen and phosphorus, conversion characteristics and loss ways) and including fertilization control technology, application of chemical additive technology, , Planting system optimization technology, Huiyuan landscape combination and ecological grass belt interception technology and other pollution control technologies, so as to provide reference for the further study of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in vegetable soil.