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1958年5月13日,法国驻阿尔及利亚的殖民军发动叛乱,引发第四共和国的全面危机。素有民族英雄之称的戴高乐在淡出政坛多年后乘机复出,授意制订新宪法,一手缔造了以总统为权力中心的第五共和国。第五共和国融君主制与共和制于一身,被戴高乐称为共和君主国。此后,法国历届总统均奉行戴高乐主义,对内稳定政治、发展经济,对外则推行独立自主的外交政策。自18世纪末大革命以来,法国政体更迭频仍,给国家的发展造成极大的负面影响,而第五共和国的出现一改这种局面,得到法国人民的拥护,还将继续存在下去。
On May 13, 1958, French colonial forces in Algeria launched an insurgency, triggering a full-scale crisis in the Fourth Republic. Known as the national hero de Gaulle took the opportunity to emerge from politics many years later, inspired the formulation of a new constitution and created the fifth republic with the president as the center of power. The fifth republic was monopolized by monarchy and republicanism and was described by de Gaulle as the republican monarchy. Since then, all previous French presidents have practiced de Gaulleism, stabilizing their internal politics and developing their economy, while foreign countries have pursued an independent foreign policy. Since the great revolution of the 18th century, the frequent change of the French political system has had a tremendous negative impact on the development of the country. The appearance of the Fifth Republic changes this situation and will be endorsed by the French people.