Background Low potassium dextran (LPD) solution can attenuate acute lung injury (ALI).However,LPD solution for treating acute kidney injury secondary to ALI has not been reported.The present study was performed to examine the renoprotective effect of LPD solution in ALI induced by oleic acid (OA) in piglets.Methods Twelve animals that suffered an ALI induced by administration of OA into the right atrium were divided into two groups:the placebo group (n=6) pretreated with normal saline and the LPD group (n=6),pretreated with LPD solution.LPD solution was injected intravenously at a dose of 12.5 ml/kg via the auricular vein 1 hour before OA injection.Results All animals survived the experiments with mild histopathological injury to the kidney.There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP),creatinin and renal damage scores between the two groups.Compared with the placebo group,the LPD group had better gas exchange parameters at most of the observation points ((347.0±12.6)mmHg vs.(284.3±11.3) mmHg at 6 hours after ALI,P＜0.01).After 6 hours of treatment with OA,the plasma concentrations of NGAL and interleukin (IL)-6 in both groups increased dramatically compared to baseline ((6.0±0.6) and (2.50±0.08) folds in placebo group; and (2.5±0.5) and (1.40±0.05) folds in LPD group),but the change of both parameters in the LPD group was significantly lower (P ＜0.01) than in the placebo group.And 6 hours after ALl the kidney tissue concentration of IL-6 in the LPD group ((165.7 ± 22.5) pg.ml-1.g-1 protein) was significantly lower (P ＜0.01) than that in placebo group ((67.2± 25.3) pg.ml-1.g-1 protein).Conclusion These findings suggest that pretreatment with LPD solution via systemic administration might attenuate acute kidney injury and the cytokine response of IL-6 in the ALl piglet model induced by OA injection.