现代沟鞭藻可以在淡水中生存,在1995年美国报道了中新世淡水多甲藻类沟鞭藻后,证实了有淡水沟鞭藻化石的存在。白垩纪非海相沟鞭藻最早发现于英格兰南部,之后在澳大利亚西南端以及中国的很多陆相沉积盆地中陆续被报道。本文在了解白垩纪非海相沟鞭藻的组合面貌和它们的地质时代以及地层对比关系的基础上,讨论淡水沟鞭藻的生物地层和古环境意义。中国白垩纪沟鞭藻组合面貌如下:早白垩世时松辽盆地的非海相沟鞭藻组合自下而上为:沙河子组和营城组的Vesperopsis-Balmula组合、登楼库组的Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)zhaodongensis组合、泉头组三、四段的Quantouendinium dictyophorum-Operculodinium组合、青山口组的Kiokansium-Tetrachacysta tuberculata组合、姚家组二、三段的Dinogymniopsis daqingensis组合、嫩江组一、二段的Cleistosphaeridium-Dinogymniopsis minor组合、嫩江组三、四段的Nenjiangella granulata-Valensiella dictyophora组合、四方台组中的Pediastrum-Aquadulcum组合和明水组中的Tetranguladinium组合。黑龙江省三江盆地的非海相沟鞭藻组合自下而上为:城子河组的Nyktericysta(Nyktericysta)puyangensis-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)sanjiangensis组合、Oligosphaeridium-Nyktericysta-Vesperopsis组合、Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)sanjiangensis组合、Nyktericysta(Nyktericysta)puyangensis-Lecaniella proteiformis组合和Vesperopsi,(Ves-peropsis)jixianensis-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)suibinensis组合、穆棱组的Quantouendinium cf.dictyophorum组合。黑龙江省鸡西盆地滴道组有Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)didaoensis-Lagenorhytis granorugosa非海相沟鞭藻组合。吉林省延吉盆地有铜佛寺组二段的Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)cf.zhaodongensis-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)yanjiensis非海相沟鞭藻组合和铜佛寺组三段的Filisphaeridium-Sentusidinium非海相沟鞭藻组合;大砬子组中有零星非海相沟鞭藻出现,未能建组合。辽宁省阜新盆地阜新组产Australisphaera fragilis-Ripea sussexensis非海相沟鞭藻组合。内蒙古开鲁盆地非海相沟鞭藻共自下而上分为5个组合:九佛堂组沙海组Quantouendinium cf.microreticulata-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)suibinensis组合、阜新组Vesperosis(V.)sp.2-Quantouendinium cf.dictyophorum组合、姚家组Concentricystes组合、嫩江组Leiosphaeridia组合、四方台组Subtilisphaera-Pediastrum组合。内蒙古海拉尔盆地非海相沟鞭藻自下而上可分为5个组合:南屯组Protoellisodinium fibratum-Dinogymniopsis daqingensis组合、大磨拐河组一段上部至二段Versperopsis(Contrangularia)granulata-Vesperopsis(Contrangularia)reticulata组合、大磨拐河组三段Nyktericysta(Nyktericysta)reticulata组合、大磨拐河组四段Palaeoperidinium-Pareodinia组合和伊敏组一段Nyktericysta(Hailaera)hailaerensis组合。内蒙古二连盆地非海相沟鞭藻自下而上2个组合:赛汗塔拉组三段Parabohaidina-Fromea-Quantouendinium-Vesperopsis组合和哈达图组Porusphaeraerenensis组合。江苏省淮安地区泰州组有Palaeoperidinium-Laciniadinium非海相沟鞭藻组合。晚白垩世时广东省三水盆地大塱山组含两个非海相沟鞭藻组合(自下而上):Palaeostomocystis-Campenia组合和Saeptodinium-Laciniadinium组合;湖北省江汉盆地渔洋组有Saeptodinium-Laciniadinium非海相沟鞭藻组合;海南省乐东地区鹿母湾组有Laciniadinium granulatum-Granodiscusgranulatus非海相沟鞭藻组合。国外已报道的非海相沟鞭藻有英格兰Wessex-Weald盆地Weald Clay群Wessex组和Vectis组的Australisphaerafragilis-Ripea sussexensis组合;澳大利亚西南部Perth盆地Parmelia组的Fusiformacystatumida组合带。这些组合中所含沟鞭藻大多为地方性属种,能进行洲际地层对比的属种较少,因此它们的地质时代的确定有时还要依靠其他生物门类和手段。非海相沟鞭藻组合有一些共同的特征,如分异度通常都较低,但丰度可变;沟鞭藻囊孢的形态与海相的相比形态和纹饰都较简单等。一些非海相的属如Nyktericysta和Vesperopsis可视作早白垩世的标准化石,但白垩纪非海相沟鞭藻组合中的多数种都是地方性的,这些组合之间很难直接对比,也不能与海相组合作种级的对比,因此确定它们的地质时代经常需要依靠其他化石。非海相沟鞭藻组合中不同组成分子可以指示古盐度的变化,如角藻类囊孢占主导时,表示接近于淡水,而膝沟藻类囊孢占主导时,则为微咸水或半咸水。古盐度的变化可能是盆地附近海平面变化和古气候变化的结果。一些淡水和微咸水的其他藻类与沟鞭藻的共同存在,如Pediastrum,Scenedesmus和Botryococcus等,是指示古环境的证据之一。虽然非海相沟鞭藻的发现颠覆了传统认为沟鞭藻是海相的观念,但是并不意味着它们不能指示古环境,因为非海相与海相沟鞭藻组合是可以区分开来的。 Modern dinoflagellates can survive in freshwater. After the United States reported the Miocene dinoflagellate dinoflagellates in 1995, it confirmed the existence of fossil dinoflagellates. Cretaceous non-marine dinoflagellates was first discovered in southern England, then in the southwestern tip of Australia and China many continental sedimentary basins have been reported. Based on the understanding of the combination of Cretaceous non-marine dinoflagellate assemblages and their geological age and stratigraphic correlation, this paper discusses the biological stratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental significance of this species. The Cretaceous dinoflagellate assemblages in China are as follows: During the Early Cretaceous, the non-marine dinoflagellate assemblages in the Songliao Basin from bottom to top were Vesperopsis-Balmula assemblage from Shahezi Formation and Yingcheng Formation, Vesperopsis from Dengloukou Formation Vesperopsis zhaodongensis combination, Quantouendinium dictyophorum-Operculodinium combination in the third and fourth stages of Quantou group, Kiokansium-Tetrachacysta tuberculata combination in the Qingshankou group, Dinogymniopsis daqingensis combination in the second and third stage of the Yaojia group, Cleistosphaeridium- Dinogymniopsis minor, Nenjiangella granulata-Valensiella dictyophora combination in the third and fourth Nenjiang group, Pediastrum-Aquadulcum combination in the Sifangtai group and Tetranguladinium combination in the Mingshui group. The non-marine dinoflagellates combination in the Sanjiang basin of Heilongjiang Province is composed of Nyktericysta (Nyktericysta) puyangensis-Vesperopsis sanjiangensis, Oligosphaeridium-Nyktericysta-Vesperopsis, Vesperopsis (Vesperopsis) sanjiangensis, Nyktericysta (Nyktericysta) puyangensis-Lecaniella proteiformis combination with Vesperopsi, (Ves-peropsis) jixianensis-Vesperopsis (Vesperopsis) suibinensis combination, and Muling group Quantouendinium cf.dictyophorum. There are Vesperopsis (Vesperopsis) didaoensis-Lagenorhytis granorugosa non-marine dinoflagellates combination in Dixie Formation in Jixi Basin, Heilongjiang Province. In the Yanji Basin, Jilin Province, there is a combination of non-marine dinoflagellate assemblages of Vesperopsis (Vesperopsis) cf.zhaodongensis-Vesperopsis (Vesperopsis) yanjiensis and Filisphaeridium-Sentusidinium non-marine dinoflagellates in the third stage of the Tongfosi Formation. There is sporadic non-marine dinoflagellates appear in the clam group, failed to build a combination. Australisphaera fragilis-Ripea sussexensis from Fuxin Formation in Fuxin Basin, Liaoning Province. The non-marine dinoflagellates in the Kaerlu Basin of Inner Mongolia were divided into five groups from bottom to top: the combination of Quantouendinium cf. microreopticulata-Vesperopsis (Vesperopsis) suibinensis in the Shaofu Formation of Jiufotang Formation, Vesperosis (V.) sp.2 -Quantouendinium cf.dictyophorum combination, Yao group Concentricystes combination, Nenjiang group Leiosphaeridia combination, Sifangtai Subtilisphaera-Pediastrum combination. The non-marine dinoflagellates in the Hailaer Basin of Inner Mongolia can be divided into five combinations: Protoellisodinium fibratum-Dinogymniopsis daqingensis from the Nantun Formation, Versperopsis (Contrangularia) granulata-Vesperopsis (Contrangularia) from the first to the second member of the Damoguaihe Formation, reticulata assemblage, Nyktericysta (Nyktericysta) reticulata assemblage in the 3rd member of the Damoguaihe Formation, Palaeoperidinium-Pareodinia assemblage in the 4th member of the Damoguaihe Formation and Nyktericysta (Hailaera) hailaerensis in the Yimin Formation. The non-marine dinoflagellates in the Erlian basin of Inner Mongolia are composed of two combinations: the Parabohaidina-Fromea-Quantouendinium-Vesperopsis assemblage and the Porusphaeraerenensis assemblage in the third member of the Saihantala group. There are Palaeoperidinium-Laciniadinium non-marine ditch algae combination in Taizhou Formation in Huaian area of ​​Jiangsu Province. During the Late Cretaceous, the Dadushan Formation in the Sanshui Basin of Guangdong Province contains two non-marine dinoflagellates (bottom-up): Palaeostomocystis-Campenia combination and Saeptodinium-Laciniadinium combination; the Jiangyang basin in Hubei Province have Saeptodinium-Laciniadinium non-marine dinoflagellates combination; Ludong Bay area Lok Ma Wan group Laciniadinium granulatum-Granodiscusgranulatus non-marine ditch algae combinations. The non-marine dinoflagellates reported abroad have the combination of Wessex and Wessex in the Wessex-Weald basin in England and Australisphaerafragilis-Ripea sussexensis in the Vectis and the Fusiformacystatumida assemblage in the Parmelia in the Perth basin of southwestern Australia. Most of the dinoflagellates contained in these assemblages are endemic and have fewer species that can be compared in intercontinental stratigraphy. Therefore, the determination of their geologic age sometimes depends on other biological classes and means. The non-marine dinoflagellate assemblages have some common features, such as low diversity but generally low abundance. The morphology and ornamentation of alga dinoflagellate are simpler than that of the marine phase. Some non-marine species such as Nyktericysta and Vesperopsis can be considered as standard fossils of the Early Cretaceous. However, most of the Cretaceous non-marine dinoflagellate assemblages are endemic and it is difficult to directly compare these combinations Can not be combined with the marine species for comparison, so to determine their geological age often need to rely on other fossils. Different components in the non-marine dinoflagellates may indicate changes in paleosalinity. For example, when C. albicans is dominant, it is close to freshwater, while when the genus Cyclospora is predominant, it is brackish water or half saltwater. Changes in paleosalinity may be the result of sea level changes and palaeoclimate changes near the basin. The coexistence of some other freshwater and brackish water with dinoflagellate species, such as Pediastrum, Scenedesmus and Botryococcus, is one of the evidences of paleoenvironment. Although the discovery of non-marine dinoflagellates subverts the traditional belief that dinoflagellates are marine, it does not mean that they can not indicate the paleoenvironment because the combination of non-marine and marine dinoflagellates is distinguishable .