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目的评价重庆市实施全球基金疟疾项目的疟疾知晓效果,为今后疟疾防治提供科学依据。方法在重庆市全球基金疟疾项目县中抽取4个县,每县随机抽取3个乡镇,每个乡镇调查中学和小学各1所,每所学校随机抽取一个班级,每个班级随机选取30名学生;在每个乡镇再随机抽取3个村,每村随机抽取1个村民小组,每个村民小组随机调查200名居民。项目实施前后采用问卷调查居民和学生的疟疾知晓情况。结果小学生疟疾防治知识知晓率由项目实施前的58.94%提高到实施后的89.96%(χ2=179.48,P<0.01),平均提高了31.02%。中学生疟疾防治知识知晓率由项目实施前的52.83%提高到实施后的86.06%(χ2=196.64,P<0.01),平均提高了33.23%。居民疟疾防治知识知晓率由项目实施前的56.74%提高到实施后的83.89%(χ2=1 281.70,P<0.01),平均提高了27.15%。项目实施后,3类人群的所有指标正确率均高于实施前“;疟疾传播途径”、“疟疾主要症状”、“发生疟疾找医生”3项指标正确率均高于80%,而“预防疟疾方法”正确率仍不足50%。结论实施全球基金疟疾项目提高了重庆市人群疟疾知晓率,但仍应加强预防疟疾的宣传,提高普通人群对疟疾防治的意识。
Objective To evaluate the malaria awareness effect of implementing the Global Fund Malaria Project in Chongqing and provide a scientific basis for future malaria control. Methods Four counties were selected from the Global Fund Malaria Project Counties in Chongqing. Three counties and townships were randomly selected in each county. One middle school and one primary school in each township was selected. Each school randomly selected one class and each class randomly selected 30 students In each township, three more villages were randomly selected. One village group was randomly selected from each village, and 200 villagers were randomly surveyed by each village group. Malaria awareness among residents and students by questionnaire before and after project implementation. Results The awareness of malaria prevention and control among primary school students increased from 58.94% before implementation to 89.96% after implementation (χ2 = 179.48, P <0.01), with an average increase of 31.02%. The awareness of malaria prevention and control among middle school students increased from 52.83% before implementation to 86.06% after implementation (χ2 = 196.64, P <0.01), with an average increase of 33.23%. The awareness rate of malaria control among residents was raised from 56.74% before implementation to 83.89% after implementation (χ2 = 1 281.70, P <0.01), with an average increase of 27.15%. After the implementation of the project, the accuracy rate of all indicators of the three groups of people was higher than that of the three indicators before the implementation of “malaria transmission”, “major symptoms of malaria”, “malaria finding the doctor” 80%, while the “method of preventing malaria” is still less than 50% correct. Conclusion The implementation of the Global Fund Malaria Project has raised the awareness rate of malaria among the population in Chongqing. However, publicity on malaria prevention should be strengthened so as to raise awareness of malaria control in the general population.