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一、概述随着大量化学物进入人们的环境,对这些物质的致突变、致癌和致畸的研究已日益引起注意。业已证明,某些物理因子、化学因子对生殖细胞所产生的突变效应,其后果是严重的,它不仅影响本代,而且可遗传给后代。生殖细胞的突变可引起不育、半不育、流产、死胎、先天畸形和肿瘤。如对放射线的研究表明,它能使后一代(F_1)及后二代(F_2)发生畸形,常涉及中枢神经系统,约影响50%的活子代。生殖细胞突变所发生的肿瘤,估计约占人幼年时代癌的40%左右,成年癌稍低些。因此,检测环境中物理、化学因子对生殖细胞的潜在诱变效应是必要的。
I. Overview As a large number of chemicals into people’s environment, the mutagenicity of these substances, carcinogenic and teratogenic research has attracted increasing attention. It has been shown that the consequences of certain physical and chemical factors on the germline mutation are serious, with consequences not only for the generation but also for the offspring. Germ cell mutations can cause infertility, semi-infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, congenital malformations and tumors. Studies on radiation have shown that it can deform the latter (F_1) and the second (F_2), often involving the central nervous system, affecting about 50% of live offspring. Germ cell tumors occur, it is estimated that about 40% of childhood cancer, adult cancer slightly lower. Therefore, it is necessary to detect potential mutagenic effects of physical and chemical factors on germ cells in the environment.