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目的探讨国内炭疽暴发案例流行病学特征,分析感染原因,为炭疽防控提供依据。方法检索电子数据库中符合纳入标准的84个炭疽暴发案例流行病学调查文献资料进行系统评价。结果 84个炭疽暴发案例均发生在农村或牧区,涉及患者990例,治愈970例,死亡20例,男女比为4.2∶1,15～60岁占87.2%,农牧民占92.4%,西北、西南和华南地区占79.5%,5～9月份占87.8%;最短潜伏期中位数2 d,最长潜伏期中位数8 d;首发病例诊断时间中位数4 d;病畜、病死畜肉接触患者占98.3%,屠宰病死家畜者的相对危险度显著高于食用病死畜肉者(RR=55.47,95%CI=26.03～118.21,P<0.000 01)。77个案例的疫情控制中位数时间10 d。结论炭疽暴发疫情多发生在农村和牧区,青壮年及农牧特征明显;屠宰病死家畜或接触病死畜肉是感染的主要原因。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax outbreaks in China and analyze the causes of infection to provide basis for the prevention and control of anthrax. Methods A systematic review of the epidemiological survey of 84 anthrax cases that met the inclusion criteria in electronic databases was conducted. Results 84 cases of anthrax outbreak occurred in rural or pastoral areas, involving 990 patients, 970 cases of cure, 20 cases of death, male to female ratio of 4.2: 1, 15 to 60 years old accounted for 87.2%, 92.4% farmers and herdsmen, northwest, Southwest China and South China accounted for 79.5%, accounting for 87.8% from May to September; the median shortest incubation period was 2 days and the longest incubation period was 8 days; the median diagnosis time was 4 days in first case; Accounting for 98.3%. The relative risk of slaughtering dead livestock was significantly higher than that of those eating sick animals (RR = 55.47, 95% CI = 26.03 ~ 118.21, P <0.000 01). The median outbreak control time for 77 cases was 10 days. Conclusions The outbreak of anthrax occurred in rural areas and pasturing areas with obvious characteristics of young adults and pastoralists. Slaughtering dead animals or contacting dead animals was the main cause of infection.