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国营企业是社会主义国家的经济主体。如何搞活国营企业,提高国营企业的经济效益,这是建设有中国特色的社会主义的一个重大课题,也是理论界当前的热门话题。深圳的情况虽然比较特殊,国营企业比例相对小一些,更没有多少大中型国营企业,但是,深圳同样存在着国营企业效益不够理想的问题。为了探讨提高深圳国营企业经济效益的有效途径,《特区经济》杂志社、深圳市中青年经济研究会和四川大厦企业有限公司于1991年12月12日联合举办了第9期“特区经济论坛”,邀请了我市部分企业家和理论工作者为我市国营企业“问诊把脉”,为提高深圳国营企业的经济效益献计献策。一、深圳国营企业经济效益差的症结何在与会的企业经理(厂长)躬身企业运行的每一个环节,对国营企业了如指掌,他们认为,影响深圳国营企业经济效益的因素主要有如下几条: 1、管理体制不顺。深圳国营企业“婆婆”多,政出多门,如经营活动由经发局主管,资产管理由投资管理公司负责,人事任免由人事局、组织部主管,谁都可以对企业指手划脚,但谁也不能对企业真正承担责任。这种体制使企业无所适从。
State-owned enterprises are the economic entities of socialist countries. How to invigorate state-owned enterprises and increase the economic efficiency of state-owned enterprises is a major issue in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is also a hot topic in the theoretical circle. Although the situation in Shenzhen is rather special, the proportion of state-owned enterprises is relatively small, and there are not many large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. However, Shenzhen also has the problem that the efficiency of state-owned enterprises is not ideal enough. In order to explore effective ways to increase the economic benefits of Shenzhen state-owned enterprises, the “Special Zone Economy” magazine, the Shenzhen Youth and Young Economic Research Association and Sichuan Building Enterprise Co., Ltd. jointly organized the 9th “SAR Economic Forum” on December 12, 1991. Some entrepreneurs and theoreticians in the city were invited to provide consultation services for the state-owned enterprises in our city, and offered suggestions for improving the economic benefits of the state-owned enterprises in Shenzhen. I. The crux of the poor economic efficiency of Shenzhen state-owned enterprises The enterprise managers (managers) who participated in the conference were at every stage of the operation of the company and were well aware of the state-owned enterprises. They believed that the main factors affecting the economic efficiency of the Shenzhen state-owned enterprises were as follows: 1, the management system is not smooth. The state-owned enterprises in Shenzhen have many “grandmothers”, and there are many politicians. For example, if the business activities are managed by the Economic Development Bureau, the asset management is managed by the investment management company, and the personnel appointment and removal are managed by the personnel bureau and the organization department, and anyone can dictate to the enterprise. But no one can really take responsibility for the company. This kind of system makes the enterprise at a loss.