据美国《世界矿业》杂志1982年9月报导,波立登金属公司(Boliden Metal AB)于1981年5月在Ronnskar冶炼厂进行了铅精矿顶吹转炉自热熔炼[简称卡尔多(Kaldo)法]的工业试验。 1965年前,该公司一直采用诸如焙烧、烧结和电熔炼等传统冶炼方法。1965年在该公司Ronnskar冶炼厂引进了铅精矿直接熔炼工艺。直接熔炼法是从电炉顶部吹入富氧空气以熔炼呈旋风式悬浮着的干燥铅精矿和 According to a report by the United States of “World Mining” magazine in September 1982, Boliden Metal AB conducted a self-heating melting of lead concentrate top-blown converter at Ronnskar smelter in May 1981 [referred to as the Kaldo method ] Industrial test. Before 1965, the company used traditional smelting methods such as roasting, sintering and smelting. In 1965, the lead concentrate direct smelting process was introduced at the company’s Ronnskar smelter. Direct smelting is the blowing of oxygen-enriched air from the top of the furnace to smelt the cyclone-type dry lead concentrate and