胆道疾病时常用抗菌素控制继发感染。正常胆汁无菌,但胆汁流发生梗阻时则可培养出细菌。胆道部分梗阻者胆汁培养阳性率60～80％,完全梗阻者为10％。慢性胆囊炎病人25～50％胆囊壁培养呈阳性。已分离出的细菌有各种需氧菌和厌氧菌,但最常见的是大肠杆菌、变形杆菌和产气杆菌。 Biliary disease often use antibiotics to control secondary infection. Normal bile is sterile, but bacteria can be cultivated when obstruction occurs in bile flow. Biliary obstruction in patients with bile culture positive rate of 60 to 80%, 10% of patients with complete obstruction. Chronic cholecystitis in patients with gallbladder 25 to 50% positive culture. Bacteria have been isolated a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but the most common are Escherichia coli, Proteus and Aerobacter aerogenes.